Economy in Brief

The INSEE survey of household confidence in France eased in November after having seen some rebound in October. The chart shows that household confidence has generally been giving back ground over the past year; that contrasts to the business climate indicator that has been stable during this period, with a very slight uptrend.

Household confidence has a 29.3 percentile (rank) standing on data back to 2001, marking the level of confidence as a lower one-third phenomenon for France in November.

Living standards over the past 12 months had been relatively stable, posting a value of -74 in November, much the same as what we see over the earlier five months and translating into a ranked standing in its lower 15-percentile, a relatively weak result. The outlook for living standards over the next 12 months is at a diffusion value of -55; however, it is still at a relatively weak 15-percentile standing. The prospects for unemployment had diminished slightly over the last five months, but currently the reading has a 62.6 percentile standing. That's a rank standing above the 50th percentile, marking it as a concern about unemployment that's slightly higher than the median for the period.

Price developments in November yield a diffusion rating of -9, very little change compared to the previous four months and with the rank standing at its 37th percentile, basically suggesting that there was not much concern about inflation over the past 12 months. The next 12-month reading is at -32 in November, unchanged from October and slightly weaker than the previous three months; however, the standing is at its 49th percentile, which is essentially at its median.

The favorability to save, at a reading of 45 in November, had stepped up slightly over the past five months, while the ability to save over the next 12 months had also crept up very slightly. Each of these metrics has a very high ranked percentile standing in the 99th percentile. Favorability to save responses are generally strongly correlated with unfavourability to spend and we see that here again with the favorability to make major purchases at a -30 reading in November and having generally slipped from the previous five months and having fallen to a percentile standing in its 16.3 percentile, quite a weak situation.

The financial situation over the past 12 months had largely been unchanged at the level of the November reading; it has a 64.3 percentile standing, above its historic median. However, for the next 12 months the financial situation, while also having improved compared to its recent history, has a percentile standing only in its 43.5 percentile.

The INSEE household confidence survey for November remains weak and continues to show soft spots. There is little evidence of firming across the components, and the trend behavior is that this index has been slipping at a slow pace over about the last year. None of that seems to be changed as of November 2025.

Germany’s IFO climate gauge fell in November logging a -16.5 net diffusion score after -14.6 in October. The overall index for climate ranks in its 18.4 percentile on data back to the early 1990s. Among the five key sectors that the table illuminates, only one, construction, has a ranking above 50% which puts it over its median for the period. Manufacturing is at a 13.6 percentile standing, retailing is at a 14.1 percentile standing, services are at a 16.8 percentile standing, and wholesaling is at a 26.9 percentile standing - all of these quite weak.

More on Climate.... On a month-to-month basis, climate eased lower for the headline, manufacturing, construction, and retailing. There were month-to-month improvements in wholesaling, as it improved slightly to -19.4 in November from -20.5 in October and then services where a ‘zero’ reading in October crept up to a 0.5 positive reading in November.

Current Conditions The current conditions metric for the IFO improved slightly to -5 in November from -5.6 in October. Improvements were pretty much across the board in all sectors with the exception of retailing that fell relatively sharply to a -20.9 reading in November from -16.6 in October. Once again, the percentile standings for these five sectors - this time for current conditions - show all of them below their historic median except for construction at a 62.1 percentile standing. The overall current index has a 10.4 percentile standing

Expectations...not so great expectations... Expectations in this report weakened across the board with the headline moving to -10 in November from -8 in October. Manufacturing deteriorated particularly sharply falling to -7.1 in November from -2 in October. All sectors weakened, most of them with more modest month-to-month deterioration. The queue ranked standings for the all-sector reading is at the 21.9 percentile mark. Most of the sectors have a 20 to mid-20 percentile standing; the exceptions are construction with a 30.7 percentile standing and retailing with the very weak 7.9 percentile standing

Summing up The weakening in the IFO index this month was unexpected. While current conditions were broadly getting slightly better, expectations took a significant step back in the month, raising questions about how the German economy is doing and what sorts of readings we're going to see next month afterward given this unexpected turn of events for the worse.

The month-to-month changes in the S&P PMI indices are mixed in November with slightly more of them weakening than strengthening but still quite a significant mix and the European monetary union the composite index weakened, dragged lower by a weakening in manufacturing while the services index improved. The services in EMU improved for three months in a row but manufacturing deteriorated for two months in a row before sinking in November.

Germany and France separately report early from the monetary union. Germany shows weakening across the board for all three sectors while France shows strengthening in the composite and in services only showing a weakening in manufacturing.

The United Kingdom shows weakening the composite and in services with strengthening in manufacturing. That pattern is repeated in Australia.

Japan shows improvement in all three sectors and shows consecutive improvement only in the composite index.

India shows weakening in the composite and in manufacturing with only services strengthening in November after all three sectors weakened in October.

The US, after seeing all three sectors weaken in September, then strengthen in October, shows the stronger composite and stronger services in November juxtaposed to a weaker manufacturing reading.

The monthly data create a great deal of turbulence and create a picture that's hard to pin down in terms of trends and generalities. However, the three-month, six-month, and 12-month average data provide a much more solid and stronger framework. That sequence is not only stronger but it's much more solid in terms of the message that it sends. The period averages which are calculated only on completed data (so these are data through October) show only three-sectors (out of 24) weakening that's France for the composite, and France for services, and Japan for manufacturing; the other six countries or areas all show sector readings improve for the three-month average compared to the six-month average. Six-month averages compared to 12-month averages show only a weakening in Australia for manufacturing. 12-month averages compared to 12-months ago show weakening in only 8 separate sectors involving five different regions. Year-over-year comparisons show the UK is weaker in all sectors, Japan is weaker for the composite and for services, the European Monetary Union, Germany, and France are weaker on their 12-month average only for the services sector.

Percentile standing The queue percentile standings for the eight countries in the table reveal readings below the 50% mark for only three of 24 sectors those 3 sectors are the UK composite, UK services, and manufacturing in Japan. All the rest have standings above the 50% mark which puts them above their historic medians on data back to January of 2021.

The standing data are substantially improved from what we're seeing just a few months ago there is a general improvement in the global economy as is clear from the average data although the monthly data are still quite touch and go.

Summing up The November report is disappointing because prior to its release there had been relatively solid trends in place. It's now going to be important to keep an eye on the monthly data to see if this improving trend remains or if we've entered a period where signals are going to get mixed again. There's some evidence of some scattered weaknesses, particularly in the UK economy, that's performing poorly, there, the central bank is likely to deliver another rate reduction soon. The situation in the European monetary union is much more in flux. The US is also in ‘no-man’s-land’ on jobs and inflation, but in the United States the difference is that GDP growth has been strong and appears to continue to be strong on the back of investment an artificial intelligence and in data centers. The US continues to report out weak job growth, essentially because of special factors related to structural demographic conditions, a closed border, deportations, legacy effects from a closed government, (which have now been reversed) and what may be ongoing weakness caused by a transition from firms that are phasing in their artificial intelligence investment. Every economy has a story. The US story may stave off rate cuts through year-end.