Tom Moeller

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916b.jpg" width="353">
Total business inventories fell in July for the second month. The decline lowered the three month change in inventories to -1.5% (AR) versus a 12.1% peak rate of accumulation through last August. The ratio of inventories-to-sales dropped to a new record low of 1.26 as business sales rose 1.1% (8.2% y/y), goosed by a surge in auto sales.
Retail inventories plummeted 1.8% due to a 5.4% drop in auto inventories. Excluding autos, however, retail inventories fell only slightly (+5.9% y/y). Furniture inventories fell 0.2% (+7.9% y/y) and inventories of apparel were unchanged (5.9% y/y).
Factory sector inventories rose for the first month since March.
Wholesale inventories fell 0.1% pulling three month growth down to 2.8%, the lowest since 2003. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the y/y change in wholesale inventories and the change in imports of merchandise.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@ED/@ED06/@ED0601/@ED0601.HTM">Business Inventories</a></th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">June</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>7.7%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Retail</td>
<td>-1.8%</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.4%</td>
<td>5.7%</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retail excl. Autos</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Wholesale</td>
<td>-0.1%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>8.2%</td>
<td>10.8%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Manufacturing</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>7.5%</td>
<td>-1.3%</td>
<td>-1.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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Total business inventories fell in July for the second month. The decline lowered the three month change in inventories to -1.5% (AR) versus a 12.1% peak rate of accumulation through last August. The ratio of inventories-to-sales [...]

U.S. Business Inventories Fell

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916a.jpg" width="353">
The Philadelphia Fed&#39;s Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector fell sharply in September to 2.2 from 17.5, reflecting damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. Consensus expectations had been for a lesser decline to 13.3.
During the last ten years there has been a 68% correlation between the level of the Philadelphia Fed Business Conditions Index and three month growth in factory sector industrial production. There has been a 50% correlation with q/q growth in real GDP.
The sub index measuring new orders was -0.5, negative for the first month in over two years. The shipments index also fell and reversed most of the August rise. The level of 13.2 was down a ton from this year&#39;s high of 29.4. The index covering the number of employees halved the August level and fell to 2.7. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the employment index and the three month growth in factory payrolls.
The business conditions index reflects a separate survey question, not the sub indexes.
The separate index of expected business conditions in six months fell sharply to 7.0 after the August jump to its best level of 2005.
The prices paid index surged and doubled the August level. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the prices paid index and the three month growth in the intermediate goods PPI. The correlation with the finished goods PPI has been 50% and with the CPI it&#39;s been 43%.
The Philadelphia Fed index is based on a survey of 250 regional manufacturing firms, but these firms sell nationally and internationally.
The latest Business Outlook survey from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank can be found <a href="http://www.phil.frb.org/files/bos/bos0905.html">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S5/@S504/@S504.HTM">Philadelphia Fed Business Outlook</a></th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">General Activity Index</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>17.5</td>
<td>15.9</td>
<td>28.1</td>
<td>10.6</td>
<td>7.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid Index</td>
<td>52.7</td>
<td>25.9</td>
<td>56.7</td>
<td>51.3</td>
<td>16.8</td>
<td>12.3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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The Philadelphia Fed's Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector fell sharply in September to 2.2 from 17.5, reflecting damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. Consensus expectations had been for a lesser decline to [...]

Philadelphia Fed Indexes: Activity Down Hard, Pricing Surged

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916d.jpg" width="353">
The September Consumer Sentiment Index from the University of Michigan cratered 13.7% m/m to 76.9, the lowest level in over ten years, as consumer expectations were depressed 17.3% by Hurricane Katrina (and probably by higher gasoline prices).
The 12 month expected inflation rate surged to 5.7% from 3.7% in August and that helped drop expectations for growth in real family income to the lowest level since 1992. Moreover, unemployment was expected to rise but interest rates were expected to fall.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916e.jpg" width="353">
The current conditions index fell 9.7% m/m, roughly double the decline in August. Personal finances were viewed being at their worst level in over two years and current buying conditions also fell hard.
The University of Michigan survey is not seasonally adjusted.The mid-month survey is based on telephone interviews with 250 households nationwide on personal finances and business and buying conditions. The survey is expanded to a total of 500 interviews at month end.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF14/@EF1402/@EF1402.HTM">University of Michigan</a></th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">August</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Consumer Sentiment</td>
<td>76.9</td>
<td>89.1</td>
<td>-18.4%</td>
<td>95.2</td>
<td>87.6</td>
<td>89.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Current Conditions</td>
<td>97.7</td>
<td>108.2</td>
<td>-5.8%</td>
<td>105.6</td>
<td>97.2</td>
<td>97.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Consumer Expectations</td>
<td>63.6</td>
<td>76.9</td>
<td>-27.7%</td>
<td>88.5</td>
<td>81.4</td>
<td>84.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Philadelphia Fed Indexes: Activity Down Hard, Pricing Surged  
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> September 16, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916a.jpg" width="353">
The Philadelphia Fed&#39;s Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector fell sharply in September to 2.2 from 17.5, reflecting damage caused by Hurricane Katrina. Consensus expectations had been for a lesser decline to 13.3.
During the last ten years there has been a 68% correlation between the level of the Philadelphia Fed Business Conditions Index and three month growth in factory sector industrial production. There has been a 50% correlation with q/q growth in real GDP.
The sub index measuring new orders was -0.5, negative for the first month in over two years. The shipments index also fell and reversed most of the August rise. The level of 13.2 was down a ton from this year&#39;s high of 29.4. The index covering the number of employees halved the August level and fell to 2.7. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the employment index and the three month growth in factory payrolls.
The business conditions index reflects a separate survey question, not the sub indexes.
The separate index of expected business conditions in six months fell sharply to 7.0 after the August jump to its best level of 2005.
The prices paid index surged and doubled the August level. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the prices paid index and the three month growth in the intermediate goods PPI. The correlation with the finished goods PPI has been 50% and with the CPI it&#39;s been 43%.
The Philadelphia Fed index is based on a survey of 250 regional manufacturing firms, but these firms sell nationally and internationally.
The latest Business Outlook survey from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank can be found <a href="http://www.phil.frb.org/files/bos/bos0905.html">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S5/@S504/@S504.HTM">Philadelphia Fed Business Outlook</a></th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">General Activity Index</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>17.5</td>
<td>15.9</td>
<td>28.1</td>
<td>10.6</td>
<td>7.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid Index</td>
<td>52.7</td>
<td>25.9</td>
<td>56.7</td>
<td>51.3</td>
<td>16.8</td>
<td>12.3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
U.S. Business Inventories Fell 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> September 16, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916b.jpg" width="353">
Total business inventories fell in July for the second month. The decline lowered the three month change in inventories to -1.5% (AR) versus a 12.1% peak rate of accumulation through last August. The ratio of inventories-to-sales dropped to a new record low of 1.26 as business sales rose 1.1% (8.2% y/y), goosed by a surge in auto sales.
Retail inventories plummeted 1.8% due to a 5.4% drop in auto inventories. Excluding autos, however, retail inventories fell only slightly (+5.9% y/y). Furniture inventories fell 0.2% (+7.9% y/y) and inventories of apparel were unchanged (5.9% y/y).
Factory sector inventories rose for the first month since March.
Wholesale inventories fell 0.1% pulling three month growth down to 2.8%, the lowest since 2003. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the y/y change in wholesale inventories and the change in imports of merchandise.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@ED/@ED06/@ED0601/@ED0601.HTM">Business Inventories</a></th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">June</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>7.7%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Retail</td>
<td>-1.8%</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.4%</td>
<td>5.7%</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retail excl. Autos</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
<td>5.9%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Wholesale</td>
<td>-0.1%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>8.2%</td>
<td>10.8%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Manufacturing</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>7.5%</td>
<td>-1.3%</td>
<td>-1.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
U.S. Current Account Deficit Improved 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> September 16, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916c.jpg" width="353">
The US current account deficit improved last quarter but it was from a 1Q record that was revised deeper. The 2Q deficit of $195.7B amounted to 6.3% of GDP. Consensus expectations had been for greater improvement to $193.0B.
The deficit in merchandise trade deteriorated to $186.9B from an unrevised $186.3B in 1Q. Exports grew 4.5% (11.7% y/y) and imports rose 2.6% (12.7% y/y).
The surplus on services improved for the third consecutive quarter to $13.6B from a downwardly revised 1Q surplus. Exports of services grew 1.2% (10.3% y/y and imports rose 1.0% (9.7% y/y).
From the capital account, US foreign direct investment abroad fell to $33.6B from an upwardly revised 1Q and foreign direct investment in the US nearly halved q/q to $17.6B. 
Unwinding the Current Account Deficit from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis can be found <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/iet/20050501/cover.pdf">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EE/@EE01/@EE01.HTM">US Int&#39;l Balance of Payments</a></th>
<th scope="col">2Q &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">1Q &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Current Account Deficit</td>
<td>$195.7B</td>
<td>$198.7B</td>
<td>$166.6B</td>
<td>$668.1B</td>
<td>$519.7B</td>
<td>$475.2B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Goods/Services/Income Deficit</td>
<td>$173.8B</td>
<td>$172.4B</td>
<td>$146.1B</td>
<td>$587.1B</td>
<td>$448.5B</td>
<td>$411.2B</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exports</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>2.1%</td>
<td>14.4%</td>
<td>14.9%</td>
<td>6.8%</td>
<td>-3.7%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Imports</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>15.6%</td>
<td>18.1%</td>
<td>7.3%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Unilateral Transfers Deficit</td>
<td>$21.9B</td>
<td>$26.3B</td>
<td>$20.5B</td>
<td>$80.9B</td>
<td>$71.2B</td>
<td>$64.0B</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Euro-Zone Harmonized CPI Inflation Only Slightly Higher in August; "Core" Remains Steady 
by <a href="/comment/Stone.html">Carol Stone</a> September 16, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916f.jpg" width="353">
The Euro-Zone CPI inflation picked up marginally in August, reaching 2.24% after July&#39;s 2.16% year-on-year pace. Notably, however, these are both lower than the 2004 rate of 2.36%.
Eurostat reported these data this morning at 5:00AM New York time. Haver&#39;s &quot;European shift&quot; posted the headline percentage changes at 5:04 and the full set of files, including harmonized CPIs for all the constituent countries, at 5:13AM. The European shift gets into full swing at about 1:30AM and overlaps a few hours with regular daytime operations. Thus, all the major European releases are updated in &quot;real time&quot; for European users.
In the table below, we highlight a few of the major CPI components. The &quot;core&quot; excluding energy food, alcohol and tobacco was steady at a 1.32% 12-month pace. Interestingly, the slight increase in overall inflation was not due to faster energy price increases. At 11.6% over a year ago, energy prices went up plenty fast, but this was actually a bit less than in July. Food, alcohol and tobacco increased to 1.5% from 1.2% in July. At the same time, both the core and the food subset are slower than they were during 2004.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050916g.jpg" width="353">
Several commodity and service groupings are running slower than they did in 2004: household equipment and supplies, clothing, education expenses and &quot;miscellaneous&quot; items. Among groups with stronger prices, housing expenses for utilities are accelerating, but inflation of rents and home repair costs is holding steady. Communications rates are declining, but less than they were last year. Transportation costs are mixed; vehicle prices have picked up, but only a little. Vehicle operations (including fuel) actually saw their major advance last year, and while inflation there is high, it has been no worse than during 2004. Transportation services have a very ragged pattern, which might be seen as evidence that the whole market for these fares is unsettled.
At the consumer price level in Europe, energy constitutes 8.6% of the total index. This is remarkably similar to the US, where the &quot;relative importance&quot; of energy in the CPI is almost exactly 8% -- or has been. These modest weights are likely to change, though, perhaps more than this year&#39;s move, which in Europe was 4.3 percentage points over 2004. 

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">MUICP*Year/Year % Changes</th>
<th scope="col">Aug 2005</th>
<th scope="col">July 2005</th>
<th scope="col">June 2005</th>
December/December
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">2004</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Total </td>
<td>2.24</td>
<td>2.16</td>
<td>2.07</td>
<td>2.36</td>
<td>1.96</td>
<td>2.28</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Ex Energy, Food, Alcohol &amp; Tobacco</td>
<td>1.32</td>
<td>1.32</td>
<td>1.32</td>
<td>1.86</td>
<td>1.62</td>
<td>2.21</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Energy</td>
<td>11.63</td>
<td>11.80</td>
<td>9.42</td>
<td>6.99</td>
<td>1.78</td>
<td>3.69</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Food, Alcohol &amp; Tobacco</td>
<td>1.52</td>
<td>1.17</td>
<td>1.17</td>
<td>1.96</td>
<td>3.62</td>
<td>2.07</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Household Supplies, Equipment &amp; Maintenance</td>
<td>0.54</td>
<td>0.64</td>
<td>0.82</td>
<td>0.82</td>
<td>1.11</td>
<td>1.40</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Clothing &amp; Footwear</td>
<td>-0.77</td>
<td>-0.48</td>
<td>0.27</td>
<td>0.63</td>
<td>1.00</td>
<td>1.77</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Recreation &amp; Culture</td>
<td>-0.09</td>
<td>-0.19</td>
<td>-0.29</td>
<td>-0.09</td>
<td>-0.19</td>
<td>0.56</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Hotels &amp; Restaurants</td>
<td>2.51</td>
<td>2.60</td>
<td>2.46</td>
<td>2.66</td>
<td>2.82</td>
<td>4.51</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

The September Consumer Sentiment Index from the University of Michigan cratered 13.7% m/m to 76.9, the lowest level in over ten years, as consumer expectations were depressed 17.3% by Hurricane Katrina (and probably by higher gasoline [...]

U.S. Consumer Sentiment Depressed

Carol Stone, CBE

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<img align="left" border="0" height="282" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/0509151.gif" width="374">
China&#39;s National Bureau of Statistics published energy production data today for August. Their statisticians convert various forms of energy to a coal-equivalent volume. In August, total energy output amounted to 154.28 million tonnes of &quot;standard coal&quot;, up 14.1% from a year ago. Several factors are notable about the role of energy in China.
China uses much more coal than oil. Data for the year 2004 show coal accounting for 67.7% of energy consumption, compared with crude oil at just 22.7%. In the US, by contrast, where comparative energy statistics are expressed in quadrillion BTUs, coal accounted for 22.3% last year and oil, 40.5%. Natural gas, used just marginally in China, with 2.6% of consumption, is a major source in the US, providing 23.1% of energy.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915i.jpg" width="353">
Another notable difference with the US is in energy efficiency. In the US, the number of BTU needed to produce a dollar of GDP (in real terms) has fallen steadily since the early 1970s (see second graph), while in China, the opposite trend applies. GDP growth in 2003 and 2004 was 9.5%, but energy production increased by 13.3% in 2003 and 15.9% last year. Some moderation is seen in the latest couple of months, but August&#39;s 14.1% expansion is surely still much stronger than GDP growth. A fast glance at various other measures of Chinese economic activity suggests that process of development is possibly the origin of this movement, not that Chinese people and businesses are becoming more profligate energy users. Automobile sales are rising rapidly as is business investment. Construction of infrastructure and heavy manufacturing activity take considerable power.
So it is not just China&#39;s rapid growth that is adding to world demand for energy, but the more intense use of energy in the modern Chinese economy.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">Aug 2005</th>
<th scope="col">July 2005</th>
<th scope="col">June 2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Energy Production &nbsp;(Mil Ton SCE*)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td colspan="3">Annual Total</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">1556.0</td>
<td>1342.0</td>
<td>1184.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>154.28</td>
<td>152.91</td>
<td>156.58</td>
<td colspan="3">Monthly Average</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">129.66</td>
<td>111.83</td>
<td>98.68</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Yr/Yr % Change</td>
<td>14.1%</td>
<td>14.8%</td>
<td>15.9%</td>
<td>15.9%</td>
<td>13.3%</td>
<td>11.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Coal Production (Mil Ton)</td>
<td>153.96</td>
<td>151.76</td>
<td>158.60</td>
<td>130.43</td>
<td>109.60</td>
<td>92.34</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Yr/Yr % Change</td>
<td>16.2%</td>
<td>15.4%</td>
<td>17.1%</td>
<td>19.0%</td>
<td>18.7%</td>
<td>15.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Refined Crude Oil</td>
<td>24.23</td>
<td>24.62</td>
<td>23.80</td>
<td>22.88</td>
<td>20.15</td>
<td>18.28</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Yr/Yr % Change</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>7.4%</td>
<td>5.8%</td>
<td>13.5%</td>
<td>10.2%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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China's National Bureau of Statistics published energy production data today for August. Their statisticians convert various forms of energy to a coal-equivalent volume. In August, total energy output amounted to 154.28 million tonnes [...]

Energy in China

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915f.jpg" width="353">
Initial claims for unemployment insurance surged 71,000 to 398,000 from the prior week. Consensus expectations had been for a rise to 345,000.
The Labor Department indicated that at least 68,000 of the new claims were directly related to Hurricane Katrina and that number will most likely be revised upward next week as state workers make their way to distant relief shelters.
The four-week moving average of initial claims rose to 340,750 (0.6% y/y).
Continuing claims for unemployment insurance rose 20,000 following a deepened 28,000 decline the week prior.
The insured unemployment rate remained at its four-year low of 2.0% for the ninth consecutive week.
The Recession of 2001 and Unemployment Insurance Financing from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is available <a href="http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/05v11n1/0508vrom.pdf"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/WEEKLY/@W5/@W507/@W507.HTM">Unemployment Insurance (000s)</a></th>
<th scope="col">09/10/05</th>
<th scope="col">09/03/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Initial Claims</td>
<td>398</td>
<td>327</td>
<td>19.5%</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>402</td>
<td>404</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Continuing Claims</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>2,590</td>
<td>-9.3%</td>
<td>2,926</td>
<td>3,531</td>
<td>3,570</td>
</tr>
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</table>
</body>
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Initial claims for unemployment insurance surged 71,000 to 398,000 from the prior week. Consensus expectations had been for a rise to 345,000. The Labor Department indicated that at least 68,000 of the new claims were directly related [...]

Hurricane Katrina Caused Jobless Insurance Claims To Surge

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915d.jpg" width="353">
The September Empire State Index of General Business Conditions in New York&#39;s manufacturing industries dipped to 16.97 from 23.04 in August.
The new orders component fell sharply following its earlier improvement to 13.10 but the shipments index rose to the highest level since February. The employment index also rose to its highest since January while the prices paid index surged.
Like the Philadelphia Fed Index of General Business Conditions, the Empire State Business Conditions Index reflects answers to an independent survey question; it is not a weighted combination of the components. <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915e.jpg" width="353">
The index of expectations for business conditions in six months fell sharply although expectations for future capital spending rose.
The Empire State Manufacturing Survey is a monthly survey of manufacturers in New York State conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Participants from across the state in a variety of industries respond to a questionnaire and report the change in a variety of indicators from the previous month. Respondents also state the likely direction of these same indicators six months ahead. April 2002 is the first report, although survey data date back to July 2001.
For more on the Empire State Manufacturing Survey, including methodologies and the latest report, click <a href="http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/regional_economy/empiresurvey_overview.html">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">

</table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S5/@S511/@S511.HTM">Empire State Manufacturing Survey</a> </th>
<th scope="col">Sept</th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">Sept &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">General Business Conditions (diffusion index)</td>
<td>16.97</td>
<td>23.04</td>
<td>26.72</td>
<td>28.76</td>
<td>16.17</td>
<td>7.19</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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The September Empire State Index of General Business Conditions in New York's manufacturing industries dipped to 16.97 from 23.04 in August. The new orders component fell sharply following its earlier improvement to 13.10 but the [...]

Empire State Index Dipped

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915a.jpg" width="353">
Home prices as tallied by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) surged 3.2% last quarter. The gain represented a some strengthening of the pattern of double digit annualized gains in home prices which began in late 2003.
The OFHEO house price index is a geometric weighted average based on more than 26.5 million repeat transactions (purchase or refinance) over 29 years and 12,000 transactions annually.
Year to year, the 28.1% rise in house prices in Nevada ranked highest followed by 27.8% appreciation in Arizona and 25.9% in Hawaii.
The slowest rates of house price appreciation were logged in Ohio (4.8%, Indiana (4.7%) and Texas (4.7%).
View the latest OFHEO release <a href="http://www.ofheo.gov/media/pdf/2q05hpi.pdf">here</a>.
Are Home Prices the Next &quot;Bubble&quot;? from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York can be found <a href="http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/epr/04v10n3/0412mcca.pdf"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E911/@E91101/@E91101.HTM">OFHEO</a></th>
<th scope="col">2Q05</th>
<th scope="col">1Q05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">House Price Index</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>13.4%</td>
<td>11.0%</td>
<td>6.9%</td>
<td>7.0%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Home prices as tallied by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) surged 3.2% last quarter. The gain represented a some strengthening of the pattern of double digit annualized gains in home prices which began in [...]

Home Prices Surge

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915c.jpg" width="353">
Consumer prices (CPI-U) rose an expected 0.5% last month, the same as the unrevised increase in July. The gain in prices less food &amp; energy prices also has been stable, the same 0.1% for four months. Consensus expectations had been for a 0.2% increase.
Energy prices added to the prior month&#39;s strength and jumped 5.0% led by an 8.3% (31.4% y/y) rise in gasoline prices to an average $2.49 per gallon. In August gasoline prices have risen further to over $3.00 per gallon. Fuel oil prices also rose a strong 2.9% (33.2% y/y increase and natural gas prices rose 1.3% (7.7% y/y).<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050915b.jpg" width="353">
Core goods prices rose 0.1%. This second increase in seven months was led by a 1.0% (-1.6% y/y) rise in apparel prices and a 1.3% (0.2% y/y) gain in audio &amp; equipment. Tobacco prices also rose 0.6% (5.2% y/y). New vehicle prices, down 0.5% (+0.1% y/y), fell hard for the second consecutive month and furniture &amp; bedding prices fell 0.5%(-1.2% y/y).
Core services prices rose a modest 0.1% as shelter prices were unchanged (+2.5% y/y) and as medical care services prices fell slightly (4.5% y/y). Public transportation prices rose just 0.1% (6.5% y/y) and school tuition costs rose 0.2% (6.3% y/y).
The chained CPI which adjusts for shifts in the mix of consumer purchases rose 0.4% and less food &amp; energy chain prices rose 0.2%.
Trimmed Mean PCE Inflation from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas can be found <a href="http://www.dallasfed.org/research/papers/2005/wp0506.pdf"> here</a>.
Reading Inflation Expectations from CPI Futures from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis is available <a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/20050201/cover.pdf"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">

</table>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E8/@E801/@E80101/@E80101.HTM">Consumer Price Index</a> </th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total&nbsp;</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;Total less Food &amp; Energy</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>2.2%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Goods less Food &amp; Energy</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>-0.9%</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
<td>-1.1%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Services less Energy</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>2.8%</td>
<td>2.9%</td>
<td>3.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;Energy</td>
<td>5.0%</td>
<td>3.8%</td>
<td>20.3%</td>
<td>10.9%</td>
<td>12.2%</td>
<td>-5.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;Food</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>2.2%</td>
<td>3.4%</td>
<td>2.1%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E8/@E801/@E80113/@E80113.HTM">Chained CPI: Total (NSA)</a> </td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>3.0%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>1.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;Total less Food &amp; Energy</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.1%</td>
<td>1.9%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Consumer prices (CPI-U) rose an expected 0.5% last month, the same as the unrevised increase in July. The gain in prices less food & energy prices also has been stable, the same 0.1% for four months. Consensus expectations had been [...]

CPI Lifted By Strong Energy Prices

Global freight costs are on the rise while supply chain pressures are contained

Accelerating positive economic surprises in the G10 are boosting the global economy

Considerably more monetary ease expected from US and UK as Japan tightens

Tighter US immigration enforcement adversely impacting labor force

Economic policy uncertainty, while still elevated, is declining

Gradual disinflation and easier monetary policies across advanced economies

Largest October layoffs since 2003, led by technology

Subdued global shipping costs not yet pointing to supply chain problems

PMIs show still-elevated but slowing US inflation

AI boosting US investment in data centers

US productivity growth has been significantly faster than in other major economies

Consumers' short-term US inflation expectations still elevated while longer-term expectations of financial markets are steady

US financial markets have gotten used to elevated policy uncertainty

FOMC now expects more rate cuts going forward than in June

China gaining ASEAN exports while US exports slump

Job openings less than the number unemployed in July for first time since 2021

Reaccelerating goods price inflation along with sticky services inflation clouds the outlook

Falling oil prices aren't pulling down inflation expectations, pointing to a boost from increased tariffs

Equity market exuberance outpacing macroeconomic data

Apart from Japan, Blue Chip forecasters expect further sizable monetary easing

US production rebounded in Q2, but demand continued to slow

US leader, Germany trailer for real GDP growth over past 3 years

Negative US inflation surprises leading G10 down

Deflation continues in China

Incoming data surprising on downside in US; positive surprises elsewhere

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Real GDP grew 4.3% (SAAR) during the third quarter following a 3.8% Q2 gain, revised from 3.3% reported initially. These increases followed a minimally revised 0.6% decline in Q1. A 3.0% rise had been expected in the Action Economics Forecast Survey. Growth during the last four quarters of 2.3% compared to 2.1% y/y in Q2 and remained below its most recent high of 3.4% in Q4 2023.

After-tax corporate profits without IVA & CCA adjustment surged 7.0% (4.2% y/y) last quarter after edging 0.6% higher in Q2. Before-tax earnings with IVA & CCA rose 4.2% (9.1% y/y) after improving 0.2% in Q2. Financial sector earnings rose 6.2% (21.1% y/y) after rising 1.1% in Q2. Nonfinancial corporate profits rose 2.5% (3.3% y/y) after edging 0.5% higher in Q2. Earnings from abroad jumped 10.6% (26.3% y/y) following a 2.9% Q2  decline.

Foreign trade balance improvement added 1.59 percentage points to growth last quarter after adding 4.83 percentage points in Q2. Real exports increased 2.1% (1.5% y/y) after falling 0.5% in Q2. Real imports declined 1.2% (-1.8% y/y) after declining 8.3% in Q2. Inventories subtracted 0.22 percentage points from growth after subtracting 3.44 percentage point from Q2 growth.

Real final sales to private domestic purchasers grew 3.0% (2.6% y/y) last quartter after rising 2.9% in Q2, revised from 1.6%. Personal consumption expenditures rose 3.5% (2.6% y/y) after a 2.5% rise, revised from 1.6%. Durable goods spending rose 1.6% (3.2% y/y) after increasing 2.3% in Q2. Motor vehicle purchases declined 6.7% (+1.6% y/y) after strengthening 9.7% in Q2. Spending on home furnishings & appliances weakened 4.2% (+0.7% y/y) following a 2.0% fall. Recreational goods & vehicle buying surged 15.7% (7.0% y/y) last quarter after falling 2.5% in Q2.

Nondurable goods outlays in constant dollars rose 3.9% (3.0% y/y) last quarter following 2.2% growth in Q2. Apparel spending strengthened 6.7% (7.0% y/y) following a 5.8% rise. Food & beverage buying gained 2.0% (1.3% y/y) after edging 0.2% higher. Gasoline & fuel oil purchases improved 1.3% (-0.2% y/y) after falling 2.8% in Q2.



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Real spending on services increased 3.7% (2.4% y/y) in Q3 after a 2.6% Q2 gain. Outlays on housing & utilities edged 0.3% higher (1.0% y/y) after easing 0.2% in Q2. Health care expenditures surged 6.8% (4.5% y/y) after a 4.8% increase. Transportation outlays gained 3.1% both  q/q and y/y after a 7.0% rise, while recreation spending jumped 6.6% (2.4% y/y) following a 3.9% rise. Restaurant & hotel expenditures increased 1.2% (2.0% y/y) after strengthening 5.9% in Q2. Financial services expenditures rose 2.6% both q/q and y/y following a 4.8% Q2 increase.

Business fixed investment in constant dollars increased 2.8% (3.9% y/y) last  quarter following a 7.3% Q2 rise, revised from 5.7%. Expenditures on structures declined 6.3% both q/q and y/y, after falling for six consecutive quarters. Expenditures on producers’ durable equipment increased 5.4% (7.4% y/y), after strengthening 8.5% in Q2. Outlays on information processing equipment rose 8.4% (18.6% y/y), after strengthening 11.7% during Q2. Industrial equipment investment rose 2.0% (3.4% y/y) after a 6.5% rise. Transportation equipment investment fell  2.7% (+3.0% y/y) after strengthening 25.2%. Intellectual property product spending rose 5.4% last quarter (6.4% y/y), after surging 15.0% in Q2.

Residential structures investment in real terms declined 5.1% (-1.8% y/y), the same as in Q2. It was the third consecutive quartly decline.

Government spending rose 2.2% (1.1% y/y) during the third quarter after an unrevised 0.1% easing in Q2. Federal government expenditures rose 2.9% (-1.0% y/y) after falling 5.3% in Q2. National defense expenditures increased 5.8% (1.0% y/y) after rising 0.9% in Q2. State & local government spending rose 1.8% (2.4% y/y) following a 3.1% rise.

The GDP chain price index rose 3.8% (3.0% y/y) last quarter vs. 2.1% in Q2. The PCE chain price index increased 2.8% (2.7% y/y) following a 2.1% rise. The PCE price index excluding food and energy rose 2.9% (2.9% y/y) after increasing 2.6% in Q2. The business fixed investment price index rose 5.2% (1.5% y/y) in Q3 after a 0.4% decline. The residential price index rose 4.5% (3.3% y/y) last quarter after a 2.2% rise, while the government price index increased 4.4% (3.5% y/y) following a 3.3% rise.

The GDP data can be found in Haver’s **USECON** and **USNA** databases. **USNA** contains virtually all of the Bureau of Economic Analysis detail in the national accounts. The Action Economics consensus estimates can be found in **AS1REPNA**.



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- Consumer spending strengthens; growth in business investment decelerates.
- Corporate profit growth led by earnings abroad.
- Rise in chain price index accelerates.


U.S. GDP Growth is Strong in Q3; Profits Jump

Sandy Batten

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Industrial production fell 0.1% m/m in October but rose 0.2% m/m (2.5% y/y) in November. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected 0.1% monthly gains in both months. Manufacturing activity was tepid with manufacturing production falling 0.4% m/m in October and unchanged in November. Manufacturing output has not posted a monthly gain since July. Mining output fell 0.8% m/m in October but rebounded 1.7% m/m in November. Utilities output surged 2.6% m/m in October but fell 0.4% m/m in November. Compared to a year ago, manufacturing production is up 1.9%; mining output is up 3.9%; and utilities output is up 4.8%.

By market group, output of durable consumer goods plunged 2.6% m/m in October and fell another 0.2% in November. Production of durable consumer goods has declined in five of the previous six months. Production of nondurable consumer goods rose 0.5% m/m in both October and November. Compared to a year ago, durable consumer goods production has fallen 5.9% while nondurable consumer goods output has risen 2.7%. Business equipment production fell 0.3% m/m in October but rebounded 0.3% m/m in November and is up 11.2% y/y. Production of nonindustrial supplies fell 0.3% m/m in both October and November.

By industry group, output of durable goods fell 0.5% m/m in October and declined 0.1% m/m in November but were up 3.2% from a year ago. Motor vehicle and parts production slumped 5.1% m/m in October and declined 1.0% m/m in November to be down 5.6% from a year ago. Monthly motor vehicle output has declined in five of the previous six months. In contrast, production of computers and electronic products increased 1.5% m/m in October and rose 0.8% m/m in November. Aerospace production continued to rise, increasing 2.0% m/m in October and 1.1% m/m in November to be up 25.2% from a year ago. Output of nondurable goods fell 0.2% m/m in October and edged up 0.1% m/m in November. Their output is up 0.9% from a year ago. Apparel output fell 1.3% m/m in October but recovered in November, rising 2.3% m/m. Food and beverage output rose 0.3% m/m in October and another 1.2% in November.

Output of selected high-technology industries rebounded in October and November. After having declined 1.0% m/m in both August and September, production jumped 1.9% m/m in October and 1.1% m/m in November to stand 11.8% higher than a year ago. Manufacturing output excluding selected high-tech industries fell 0.4% m/m in October and was unchanged in November. It has risen only 1.6% over the past year. Manufacturing excluding motor vehicle production was unchanged in October and edged up 0.1% m/m in November; it is up 2.6% y/y.

Total industry capacity utilization edged down to 75.9% in October from 76.0% in September and then recovered the decline in November, edging up to 76.0%. In the manufacturing sector, the utilization rate slumped to 75.4% in October from 75.8% in September and remained at 75.4% in November. The October/November reading is the lowest since January.

Industrial production and capacity data are in Haver’s **USECON** database. Additional detail on production and capacity utilization can be found in the **IP** database. The expectations figures come from the **AS1REPNA** database.



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- Today’s release contained figures for both October and November that had been delayed by the federal government shutdown.
- IP fell in October but recovered in November.
- Manufacturing output was tepid, falling in October and unchanged in November.
- A surge in utilities output in October prevented a larger decline in total production.
- A jump in mining output in November accounted for all of the increase in total production.


U.S. Industrial Production Fell in October and Recovered in November

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New orders for durable goods fell a more-than-expected 2.2% (+4.8% y/y) in October following an upwardly revised 0.7% m/m rise in September (previously +0.5% m/m) and a 3.0% monthly jump in August. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected a 1.5% m/m decline. A 23.7% m/m drop in aircraft orders more than accounted for the overall decline. Orders excluding aircraft increased 0.2% m/m (4.0% y/y) in October on top of a 0.5% monthly increase in September.

More generally, transportation orders fell 6.5% m/m (+7.3% y/y) in October following a 0.6% m/m increase in September and an 8.0% monthly jump in August. In addition to the drop in aircraft orders, orders for motor vehicles and parts edged up 0.1% m/m in October, their sixth consecutive monthly increase. Across other sectors, orders for primary metals fell 0.7% m/m, their first monthly decline in ten months. Orders for electrical equipment and appliances slumped 1.5% m/m, their first monthly decline in seven months. In contrast, orders for fabricated metal products rose 0.5% m/m, their fourth consecutive monthly gain. Machinery orders increased 0.8% m/m, their eighth consecutive monthly rise. Orders for computers and electronic products increased a solid 1.0% m/m on top of a 1.2% monthly increase in September.

Shipments of core capital goods (nondefense capital goods shipments excluding aircraft) are a reliable coincident indicator of business spending on equipment in the national accounts. They rose 0.7% m/m in October following an upwardly revised 1.2% monthly gain in September (previously +0.9%). The was the second consecutive monthly increase and the fifth in the past six months. The strong end to Q3 and the continued rise in the first month of Q4 provides a solid starting point for all of Q4. The October shipments figure was 5.9% at an annual rate above the Q3 average. Core capital goods orders rose 0.5% m/m in October on top of an upwardly revised 1.1% m/m increase in September (previously +0.9%). This was the fourth consecutive monthly rise.

Total manufacturing shipments edged up 0.1% m/m (+2.8% y/y) in October after having been essentially unchanged in September. Shipments of durable goods increased 0.6% m/m (5.9% y/y), led by 1.4% monthly jump in transportation shipments. However, apart from a 0.1% m/m decline in shipments of other durable goods, all of the other major sectors posted monthly gains in October. In contrast, shipments of nondurable goods fell 0.4% m/m (-0.3% y/y) in October for their third consecutive monthly decline. The monthly decline was led by a 2.4% m/m fall in shipments of petroleum and coal products although it was relatively widely spread across major sectors. The one exception was a 2.1% m/m increase in leather product shipments, but this came after four consecutive sizeable monthly declines.

Unfilled durable goods orders increased 0.2% m/m (7.9% y/y) in October for their third consecutive monthly gain following a 0.8% m/m rise in September and a 0.7% m/m increase in August. Total factory inventories were unchanged in October (+1.4% y/y) following 0.1% monthly declines in both August and September. Durable goods inventories edged up 0.1% m/m in October while inventories of nondurable goods fell 0.2% m/m, the third consecutive monthly decline.

The factory sector data are available in Haver’s **USECON** database. The Action Economics Forecast Survey is in the **AS1REPNA** database.



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- New orders for durable goods slumped 2.2% m/m in October following increases in both August and September
- A 24% monthly drop in aircraft orders drove the overall decline
- Orders excluding aircraft rose 0.2% m/m in October
- Core capital goods shipments and orders continued to rise in October with small upward revisions to September


Weak Aircraft Orders Pushed Down U.S. Durable Goods Orders in October

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The Chicago Fed National Activity Index (CFNAI) increased to -0.21 during September from a four-month low of -0.31 in August. It remained below a high of 0.42 during February. 

The employment, unemployment & hours measure led the improvement and rose to 0.01 during September from -0.11 in August. The employment readings had been negative in each month since February. The weakest occurred in July which equaled August. The production & income reading edged up to -0.10 in September from -0.13 in August. It remained below February’s high of 0.36. 

Moving lower, the personal consumption & housing measure fell to -0.06 in September from -0.03 in August. It was the weakest reading in four months. The sales, orders & inventories reading declined to -0.07 during September from -0.05 in August. It was the lowest figure since April, and down from a 0.16 high during March.  

The index's three-month moving average, which smooths out the m/m volatility in the index, fell to -0.21 in September after increasing to -0.18 in August. It was the fifth consecutive negative reading, but above its -0.24 June low. It remained below its recent high of 0.11 in February.

The CFNAI Diffusion Index, which measures the breadth of change in the component series and is also a three-month moving average, fell to -0.32 in September from -0.20 in both July and August. It was the weakest reading in three months. Negative for seven straight months, it was below the February high of 0.10. A reading of zero indicates that all of the indicators are growing at their long-term average. 

The CFNAI is a weighted average of 85 indicators of national economic activity. It is constructed to have an average value of zero and a standard deviation of one. Since economic activity tends toward trend growth rate over time, a positive index reading corresponds to growth above trend and a negative index reading corresponds to growth below trend.

These figures are available in Haver's **SURVEYS** database.


- The CFNAI is negative for sixth straight month.
- Three of four index components remain negative
- Improvement in labor market reading leads m/m gain.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago indicated that the December 22, 2025, release of the CFNAI was originally scheduled to cover data through November 2025. However, because of the delay in data releases from government statistical agencies due to the federal government shutdown, this CFNAI release will instead only cover data through September 2025.

Chicago Fed National Activity Index Improves Slightly in September

Robert Brusca

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Canadian retail sales and other growth metrics appear to be weakening as the year draws to a close. Inflation has firmed up as well. Retail sales in October saw a month-to-month drop of 0.2% as supermarket sales fell 0.7%, month-to-month, clothing store sales fell 1.2%, and retail excluding motor vehicle sales fell by 0.6%. Overall real retail sales fell by 0.6% in October from September. This is the second consecutive month in which total nominal retail sales and retail sales in real terms both dropped month-to-month. Total retail sales and real retail sales both are declining over three months. Total retail sales at a -0.6% annual rate real retail sales-3.2% annual rate. Real retail sales are decelerating from a 2% growth rate over 12 months to a -1.7% annual rate over six months to a - 0.6% annual rate over three months. Real retail sales show more severe deceleration, growing by merely 0.1% over 12-months shrinking at a 3.8% annual rate over six-months and declining at a 3.2% annual rate over three-months.

**Other indicators weaken**
Over three months housing starts show a sharp contraction, falling at a 60.6% annual rate, a clear ongoing deceleration from a -5.2% drop over 12-months. However other metrics show slightly more upbeat results: employment, for example, yields job growth still at 1.2% at an annual rate over three-months although it slowed from a 1.4% year-over-year gain. The all-encompassing leading economic index shows an actual step up to a pace of 2.9% over 3 months from 2.6% over 6-months and 1.9% over 12-months. Manufacturing and mining output also show gains and a sharp acceleration from their year ago pace; for manufacturing output fell 1.4% year-over-year then rose at a 12.1% annual rate over the three-months ended in September; mining and oil production speeded up from a 4.7 percent 12-month gain to an 8.1% annual rate over three-months.  The manufacturing and mining statistics lag by one-month. Another positive sign for the economy is unemployment as the number of unemployed declines at a 0.7% annual rate over three months even though it rises by 5.5% over 12 months.

**Ranking metrics**
We can also vet these various sector results by looking at the growth rates year over year and comparing that pace to what has happened historically back to 2014. These individual category ranking statistics provide better relative comparisons across components. On that basis, the weak sector is retailing with real retail sales having 11.3 percentile standing and overall nominal retail sales having a 22.5 percentile standing. The next lowest year-over-year ranking is from manufacturing at a 22.7 percentile standing, that compares to a 26.1 percentile standing for housing starts. The performance of employment fares relatively better at a 38.7 percentile standing, but that's still below the 50% mark, putting job growth below its median for the period. The number unemployed, however, has a 67.6 percentile standing which is above its median and, of course, not a good result because here we would prefer to see leaner numbers on unemployment changes. The year-over-year growth rate for unemployment is solid, in the top one-third of all of the growth rates of the employed that we've seen since January of 2014. For unemployment, at least the sequential growth rates show that the process of unemployment creation is not accelerating. On the positive side the leading economic index has a 78.9 percentile standing which is quite strong and the mining and oil production have a 61.7 percentile standing which is above their median for the period. 

**Further context?**
And, when we consider the ranking of these growth rates, we can also look at the progression of growth in the table, such as the mention I made above for unemployment. For example, housing starts have a weak year-over-year standing but they have a much weaker growth rate over three months Compared to 12-months…on the other hand, manufacturing has a weak year-over-year standing but over three months manufacturing output has stepped up growth considerably. No one statistic can create a profile of these industries which live in the real world and have multiple dimensions and where the trends may be dynamic, in flux, and hard to singularly characterize.

**Got inflation?** 
As of October, Canadian inflation had picked up to some extent, inflation in Canada had dipped below the 2% mark from April through August of 2025. In September and October, the year-over-year growth of headline inflation was in the 2.3 to 2.2% region. The CPIx which didn't get quite that low, that recently got down to 1.5% and 1.6% in late 2024 and was as low as 2.2% and 2.5% from March to May of 2025 has moved up. September and October price growth rate is up to the 2.8 to 2.9% pace with the core rate running in the neighborhood of 2.6% toward the end of the year after reaching a low just below 2% in November of last year.

**Nothing dramatic but a tilt to more of what Canada wants less of**
Oh no there's nothing dramatic going on in Canada, the economy appears to be weakening to some extent, the retail sales numbers show the largest deceleration. Of course, Canada and the US continue to have a spat over tariffs, and their two leaders still appear to be somewhat antagonistic about how that process is unfolding. Some Canadian stores have even taken the action of removing form the shelves some goods from the US, particularly US alcoholic products. The step up of inflation is something to watch and does not pair well with the weakening in economic activity. 
  




Economy in Brief: 2005

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