Tom Moeller

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050606b.jpg" width="353">
The weekly leading index of the US economy published by the Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI) fell last week for the fifth week in the last six. The 0.6% decline lowered the index 2.9% versus the peak in early March.
During the last ten years there has been a 54% correlation between the change in the weekly leading index and the change in US real GDP growth during the following quarter. The correlation has risen to 67% during the last five years. During the last ten years there has been a a 70% correlation between the y/y change in the ECRI leaders and the change in the Conference Board&#39;s Index of Leading Economic Indicators.
Six month in the leaders fell to near zero. While down sharply from the double digit growth rates logged during 2003, recession is not indicated. Negative growth in excess of -4% typically preceded past U.S. recessions.
A slowdown in economic growth may or may not be indicated by the more than 10 percentage point slowdown in the leaders&#39; growth. During both the late 1980s and the late 1990s, the leaders slowed by an even greater degree and little slowing in real GDP occurred. <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050606a.jpg" width="353">
Weakness in the leaders has been broad based. The components of the Conference Board leaders weigh heavily on the financial and the factory sectors (which are the more volatile of the US data series) and both sets are indicating slower growth.
Visit the <a href="http://www.businesscycle.com/">Economic Cycle Research Institute</a> for analysis of US and international business cycles.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">Economic Cycle Research Institute&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">05/27/05</th>
<th scope="col">12/31/04</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Weekly Leading Index</td>
<td>132.0</td>
<td>132.4</td>
<td>-0.6%</td>
<td>132.5</td>
<td>124.8</td>
<td>119.9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; 6 Month Growth Rate</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>4.3%</td>
<td>6.5%</td>
<td>1.1%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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The weekly leading index of the US economy published by the Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI) fell last week for the fifth week in the last six. The 0.6% decline lowered the index 2.9% versus the peak in early March. During the [...]

ECRI Leading Economic Index Trending Lower

Carol Stone, CBE

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Consumer prices in Chile slowed last month after a strong rise in April. The total CPI was up 0.4% (seasonally adjusted by Haver) following 0.7%. This helped the 12-month inflation rate ease to 2.7% from 2.9%. Energy prices were evidently the main mover in both the April surge and the May moderation; transportation prices had risen a mere 0.2% in March, but leaped 2.2% in April and were still strong but less so in May with a 1.3% rise.
Chilean inflation generally remains well under control. Excluding food and energy, the CPI was up 2.4% over May 2004. This is a higher rate than what prevailed over the previous three years by about 0.7 percentage point. But the firming has come mainly from reduced rates of deflation in clothing prices and home furnishings, not from a measurable reacceleration of some sector; indeed, housing costs, health care and education are basically trendless near the overall inflation rate.
Inflation in Chile also remains notable relative to its neighbors. Argentina still struggles with more than 8% and Brazil with about 7%. Among South American countries, only Ecuador and Peru have slower inflation than Chile. For Ecuador, the slower pace is new just in the last three or four years. Peru&#39;s inflation has been a bit lower than Chile&#39;s since early 2001, but Peru was experiencing much more dramatic rates until well into the mid-1990s.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603e.jpg" width="353"><img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603d.jpg" width="353">

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">May 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Apr 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Mar 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Year/ Year</th>
December/December
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">2004</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Total CPI</td>
<td>0.4</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">ex Food &amp; Energy</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Food</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>-0.8</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Transportation</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>6.7</td>
<td>9.1</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Consumer prices in Chile slowed last month after a strong rise in April. The total CPI was up 0.4% (seasonally adjusted by Haver) following 0.7%. This helped the 12-month inflation rate ease to 2.7% from 2.9%. Energy prices were [...]

Chilean Inflation Eases in May After Energy-Driven Surge in April

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603c.jpg" width="353">
The May Business Activity Index for the non-manufacturing sector fell to 58.5 from 61.7 in April, reported the Institute for Supply Management. The average level so far this year of 60.5 is below the 2004 average of 62.4. Consensus expectations had been for a reading of 60.0 for May.
Since the series&#39; inception in 1997 there has been a 50% correlation between the Business Activity Index and the q/q change in real GDP for services plus construction.
Both the new orders index and the employment indexes rose slightly m/m but remained well off the earlier highs. Since the series&#39; inception in 1997 there has been a 60% correlation between the level of the ISM non-manufacturing employment index and the m/m change in payroll employment in the service producing plus the construction industries.
Pricing power dropped again m/m to the lowest level since August 2003.
ISM surveys more than 370 purchasing managers in more than 62 industries including construction, law firms, hospitals, government and retailers. The non-manufacturing survey dates only to July 1997, therefore its seasonal adjustment should be viewed tentatively.
Business Activity Index for the non-manufacturing sector reflects a question separate from the subgroups mentioned above. In contrast, the NAPM manufacturing sector composite index is a weighted average five components.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF03/@EF03.HTM">ISM Nonmanufacturing Survey</a></th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">May&nbsp; &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Business Activity Index</td>
<td>58.5</td>
<td>61.7</td>
<td>63.3</td>
<td>62.4</td>
<td>58.2</td>
<td>55.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Index</td>
<td>57.9</td>
<td>61.9</td>
<td>72.0</td>
<td>69.0</td>
<td>56.8</td>
<td>54.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


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The May Business Activity Index for the non-manufacturing sector fell to 58.5 from 61.7 in April, reported the Institute for Supply Management. The average level so far this year of 60.5 is below the 2004 average of 62.4. Consensus [...]

ISM Non-Manufacturing Index Fell Again

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603a.jpg" width="353">
Non-farm payrolls increased just 78,000 in May, the weakest rise since 2003. The prior month&#39;s strong gain was revised slightly higher but March was revised lower. Consensus expectations had been for a 180,000 May increase.
Widespread declines in private service producing industries where payrolls rose 59,000 (1.9% y/y) last month accounted for the weakness. Information services jobs fell 8,000 (-0.2% y/y), real estate &amp; leasing jobs were off 1,700 (+2.4% y/y), temporary services jobs fell 4,300 (+5.3% y/y) and jobs in leisure industries fell 6,000 (+2.0% y/y).
Factory sector payrolls fell 7,000 for the fourth monthly decline this year. A 10,000 worker decline in nondurable goods industries (-1.5% y/y) centered in the apparel and the paper industries.
Construction jobs rose 20,000 (4.0% y/y) but that was less than half the prior month&#39;s increase. Total government employment rose a modest 5,000 (0.8% y/y). Federal government jobs increased 1,000 (-0.4% y/y) and local gov&#39;t employment rose 5,000 (0.8% y/y). <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603b.jpg" width="353">
The household survey indicated that the unemployment rate fell unexpectedly to 5.1%, the lowest level since 2001. Employment again was strong posting a 376,000 (1.9% y/y) rise and the labor force rose 360,000 (1.4% y/y). The labor force participation rate moved higher for the second month to 66.1% as the number of dropouts from the force fell for the second month. Growth in dropouts fell to 0.8% y/y, down from the high of 3.7% late in 2003.
The index of aggregate hours worked (employment times hours worked) rose a slight 0.1% (2.3% y/y) and the gain in April was scaled back to 0.6% due to a downward revision to the length of the workweek. The level of hours worked so far in 2Q is up 3.4% (AR) from 1Q05.
The increase in average hourly earnings slowed to 0.2% though earnings in manufacturing rose a strong 0.4% (2.7% y/y).
What&#39;s Driving Wage Inequality? The Effects of Technical Change on the Labor Market from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond can be found <a href="http://www.rich.frb.org/publications/economic_research/annual_report/2004/index.cfm"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EB/@EB01/@EB01.HTM">Employment</a></th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Payroll Employment</td>
<td>78,000</td>
<td>274,000</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.1%</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-1.1%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Manufacturing</td>
<td>-7,000</td>
<td>-9,000</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-1.2%</td>
<td>-4.9%</td>
<td>-7.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Average Weekly Hours</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.7</td>
<td>33.7</td>
<td>33.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Average Hourly Earnings</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>2.1%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>2.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Unemployment Rate</td>
<td>5.1%</td>
<td>5.2%</td>
<td>5.6%</td>
<td>5.5%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>5.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Non-farm payrolls increased just 78,000 in May, the weakest rise since 2003. The prior month's strong gain was revised slightly higher but March was revised lower. Consensus expectations had been for a 180,000 May increase. Widespread [...]

U.S. Job Gain Well Short of Expectations

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603a.jpg" width="353">
Non-farm payrolls increased just 78,000 in May, the weakest rise since 2003. The prior month&#39;s strong gain was revised slightly higher but March was revised lower. Consensus expectations had been for a 180,000 May increase.
Widespread declines in private service producing industries where payrolls rose 59,000 (1.9% y/y) last month accounted for the weakness. Information services jobs fell 8,000 (-0.2% y/y), real estate &amp; leasing jobs were off 1,700 (+2.4% y/y), temporary services jobs fell 4,300 (+5.3% y/y) and jobs in leisure industries fell 6,000 (+2.0% y/y).
Factory sector payrolls fell 7,000 for the fourth monthly decline this year. A 10,000 worker decline in nondurable goods industries (-1.5% y/y) centered in the apparel and the paper industries.
Construction jobs rose 20,000 (4.0% y/y) but that was less than half the prior month&#39;s increase. Total government employment rose a modest 5,000 (0.8% y/y). Federal government jobs increased 1,000 (-0.4% y/y) and local gov&#39;t employment rose 5,000 (0.8% y/y). <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603b.jpg" width="353">
The household survey indicated that the unemployment rate fell unexpectedly to 5.1%, the lowest level since 2001. Employment again was strong posting a 376,000 (1.9% y/y) rise and the labor force rose 360,000 (1.4% y/y). The labor force participation rate moved higher for the second month to 66.1% as the number of dropouts from the force fell for the second month. Growth in dropouts fell to 0.8% y/y, down from the high of 3.7% late in 2003.
The index of aggregate hours worked (employment times hours worked) rose a slight 0.1% (2.3% y/y) and the gain in April was scaled back to 0.6% due to a downward revision to the length of the workweek. The level of hours worked so far in 2Q is up 3.4% (AR) from 1Q05.
The increase in average hourly earnings slowed to 0.2% though earnings in manufacturing rose a strong 0.4% (2.7% y/y).
What&#39;s Driving Wage Inequality? The Effects of Technical Change on the Labor Market from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond can be found <a href="http://www.rich.frb.org/publications/economic_research/annual_report/2004/index.cfm"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EB/@EB01/@EB01.HTM">Employment</a></th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Payroll Employment</td>
<td>78,000</td>
<td>274,000</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.1%</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-1.1%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Manufacturing</td>
<td>-7,000</td>
<td>-9,000</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-1.2%</td>
<td>-4.9%</td>
<td>-7.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Average Weekly Hours</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.8</td>
<td>33.7</td>
<td>33.7</td>
<td>33.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Average Hourly Earnings</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>2.1%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>2.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Unemployment Rate</td>
<td>5.1%</td>
<td>5.2%</td>
<td>5.6%</td>
<td>5.5%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>5.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
ISM Non-Manufacturing Index Fell Again 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> June 3, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603c.jpg" width="353">
The May Business Activity Index for the non-manufacturing sector fell to 58.5 from 61.7 in April, reported the Institute for Supply Management. The average level so far this year of 60.5 is below the 2004 average of 62.4. Consensus expectations had been for a reading of 60.0 for May.
Since the series&#39; inception in 1997 there has been a 50% correlation between the Business Activity Index and the q/q change in real GDP for services plus construction.
Both the new orders index and the employment indexes rose slightly m/m but remained well off the earlier highs. Since the series&#39; inception in 1997 there has been a 60% correlation between the level of the ISM non-manufacturing employment index and the m/m change in payroll employment in the service producing plus the construction industries.
Pricing power dropped again m/m to the lowest level since August 2003.
ISM surveys more than 370 purchasing managers in more than 62 industries including construction, law firms, hospitals, government and retailers. The non-manufacturing survey dates only to July 1997, therefore its seasonal adjustment should be viewed tentatively.
Business Activity Index for the non-manufacturing sector reflects a question separate from the subgroups mentioned above. In contrast, the NAPM manufacturing sector composite index is a weighted average five components.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF03/@EF03.HTM">ISM Nonmanufacturing Survey</a></th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">May&nbsp; &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Business Activity Index</td>
<td>58.5</td>
<td>61.7</td>
<td>63.3</td>
<td>62.4</td>
<td>58.2</td>
<td>55.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Index</td>
<td>57.9</td>
<td>61.9</td>
<td>72.0</td>
<td>69.0</td>
<td>56.8</td>
<td>54.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Chilean Inflation Eases in May After Energy-Driven Surge in April 
by <a href="/comment/Stone.html">Carol Stone</a> June 3, 2005


Consumer prices in Chile slowed last month after a strong rise in April. The total CPI was up 0.4% (seasonally adjusted by Haver) following 0.7%. This helped the 12-month inflation rate ease to 2.7% from 2.9%. Energy prices were evidently the main mover in both the April surge and the May moderation; transportation prices had risen a mere 0.2% in March, but leaped 2.2% in April and were still strong but less so in May with a 1.3% rise.
Chilean inflation generally remains well under control. Excluding food and energy, the CPI was up 2.4% over May 2004. This is a higher rate than what prevailed over the previous three years by about 0.7 percentage point. But the firming has come mainly from reduced rates of deflation in clothing prices and home furnishings, not from a measurable reacceleration of some sector; indeed, housing costs, health care and education are basically trendless near the overall inflation rate.
Inflation in Chile also remains notable relative to its neighbors. Argentina still struggles with more than 8% and Brazil with about 7%. Among South American countries, only Ecuador and Peru have slower inflation than Chile. For Ecuador, the slower pace is new just in the last three or four years. Peru&#39;s inflation has been a bit lower than Chile&#39;s since early 2001, but Peru was experiencing much more dramatic rates until well into the mid-1990s.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603e.jpg" width="353"><img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050603d.jpg" width="353">

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">May 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Apr 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Mar 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Year/ Year</th>
December/December
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">2004</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Total CPI</td>
<td>0.4</td>
<td>0.7</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>2.7</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.1</td>
<td>2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">ex Food &amp; Energy</td>
<td>0.5</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>0.1</td>
<td>2.4</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>1.6</td>
<td>1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Food</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>1.8</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>-0.8</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Transportation</td>
<td>1.3</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
<td>6.7</td>
<td>9.1</td>
<td>0.3</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050602h.jpg" width="353">
In the May edition of &quot;Haver Analytics News&quot;, we announced the availability of the CEIC China Premium Database. This new database, CHINA, has over 125,000 series covering many, many facets of Chinese economic life. The level of detail is extensive, including such items as the number of visitors to China who arrive on foot in any given month, the prices for common Portland cement by intensity and the gross domestic product of Shanghai, annually, by industry.
Earlier this week, the General Administration of Customs reported foreign trade data for April. The surplus was $4.6 million, consisting of $62.2 billion in exports and $57.6 billion in imports. On examining these figures over time, we were startled to find that, while trade surpluses prevail, the trend is not nearly the one-sided imbalance that one might envision. In fact, there has even been the occasional monthly trade deficit. During the last 12 months, the surplus has averaged $5.4 billion, equivalent to just about 10% of China&#39;s exports. By contrast, in Japan, the 12-month average trade surplus has represented 23% of exports and in Germany, 21%, much larger proportional imbalances than in China.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050602i.jpg" width="353">
Thus, not only are China&#39;s exports large and growing rapidly, so are China&#39;s imports. In 2004, exports of goods totaled $593.6 billion, up 35.4% from 2003. Imports were $560.8 billion, up 35.8%. Just in the last three months, however, imports have slowed, so their average for February, March and April is &quot;just&quot; 10.8% higher than a year ago. Products contributing most to the lessening pace include textiles, paper and several machinery categories. At the same time, as elsewhere, petroleum imports continue to grow strongly, along with its derivatives, chemicals and plastics. Some durable goods remain strong as well, including wood products and electrical equipment.
In the second graph here, we show imports growth along with that of GDP. We see that most of the time since 1999 imports have grown faster than GDP. Thus, even as trade accounts run surpluses, China clearly spends a sizable portion of its export earnings on imported products. A concentration in machinery suggests that building and upgrading plants is a major priority.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/CHINA/CHINA.HTM">China</a> Millions of US$</th>
<th scope="col">12-Mo Avg, Apr 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Apr 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Mar 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Apr 2004</th>
Monthly Averages
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">2004</td>
<td>2003</td>
<td>2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Trade Balance</td>
<td>5392</td>
<td>4591</td>
<td>5733</td>
<td>-2250</td>
<td>2736</td>
<td>2115</td>
<td>2528</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Exports, fob</td>
<td>54071</td>
<td>62151</td>
<td>60869</td>
<td>47124</td>
<td>49471</td>
<td>36540</td>
<td>27137</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Imports, cif</td>
<td>48680</td>
<td>57560</td>
<td>55136</td>
<td>49374</td>
<td>46734</td>
<td>34425</td>
<td>24609</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

In the May edition of "Haver Analytics News", we announced the availability of the CEIC China Premium Database. This new database, CHINA, has over 125,000 series covering many, many facets of Chinese economic life. The level of detail [...]

China Trade in Surplus, but Imports Are Large, Nonetheless

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050602f.jpg" width="353">
Factory inventories rose just 0.1% in April following an upwardly revised 0.7% gain in March. These gains lowered the three month growth in inventories to 5.8%, nearly half the high rate of accumulation set last summer.
These figures have been bloated by the surge in oil prices. Less petroleum, factory inventories rose 0.1% (8.1% y/y) in April and the three month rate of accumulation slowed to 5.1% versus 10.9% in August.
A slower rate of inventory accumulation has been notable in the furniture industry where three month growth fell to 2.8% from a high of 28.4%. Accumulation of electrical equipment about halved to 9.6% and the level of computer inventories has declined versus a double digit rate of accumulation last summer. The slowdown in other industries has been widespread.
Factory shipments rose a firm 0.7% but here again the trend has weakened. Three month growth fell to 3.1% from a high of 20.4%. Less petroleum recent growth in shipments has been negative versus 17% growth a year ago.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050602g.jpg" width="353">
Orders to the factory sector rose 0.9%, juiced by a 1.9% rise in durable goods orders which was unrevised from the advance report.
Unfilled orders were unchanged and the ratio of unfilled orders to shipments fell to a new low.
Do Technological Improvements in the Manufacturing Sector Raise or Lower Employment? from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia can be found <a href="http://www.philadelphiafed.org/files/wps/2005/wp05-5.pdf">here</a>. 

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@ED/@ED01/@ED0101/@ED01016/@ED01016.HTM">Factory Survey</a> (NAICS)</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">March</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Inventories</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>8.6%</td>
<td>7.5%</td>
<td>-1.3%</td>
<td>-1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">New Orders</td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>6.8%</td>
<td>10.9%</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>-1.9%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Shipments</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
<td>7.8%</td>
<td>10.5%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Unfilled Orders</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>-0.2%</td>
<td>6.3%</td>
<td>9.1%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>-6.1%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Factory inventories rose just 0.1% in April following an upwardly revised 0.7% gain in March. These gains lowered the three month growth in inventories to 5.8%, nearly half the high rate of accumulation set last summer. These figures [...]

U.S. Factory Inventory Growth Slowed

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050602e.jpg" width="353">
Job cut announcements jumped in May, however, the 42.2% m/m rise did not reverse all of the prior month&#39;s plunge. Therefore, the three month average of job cut announcements fell further to the lowest level since last August.
During the last ten years there has been an 84% (inverse) correlation between the three month moving average of announced job cuts and the three month change payroll employment.
Job cut announcements rose sharply m/m in the apparel (+234% y/y), computer (496% y/y) and insurance (321% y/y) industries but fell broadly elsewhere.
Job cut announcements differ from layoffs. Many are achieved through attrition, early retirement or just never occur.
Challenger also reported that announced hiring plans fell for the second month in the last three.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S3/@S301/@S301.HTM">Challenger, Gray &amp; Christmas</a></th>
<th scope="col">May</th>
<th scope="col">April</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Announced Job Cuts</td>
<td>82,283</td>
<td>57,861</td>
<td>12.2%</td>
<td>1,039,175</td>
<td>1,236,426</td>
<td>1,431,052</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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Job cut announcements jumped in May, however, the 42.2% m/m rise did not reverse all of the prior month's plunge. Therefore, the three month average of job cut announcements fell further to the lowest level since last August. During [...]

Challenger Layoffs Higher in May

Global freight costs are on the rise while supply chain pressures are contained

Accelerating positive economic surprises in the G10 are boosting the global economy

Considerably more monetary ease expected from US and UK as Japan tightens

Tighter US immigration enforcement adversely impacting labor force

Economic policy uncertainty, while still elevated, is declining

Gradual disinflation and easier monetary policies across advanced economies

Largest October layoffs since 2003, led by technology

Subdued global shipping costs not yet pointing to supply chain problems

PMIs show still-elevated but slowing US inflation

AI boosting US investment in data centers

US productivity growth has been significantly faster than in other major economies

Consumers' short-term US inflation expectations still elevated while longer-term expectations of financial markets are steady

US financial markets have gotten used to elevated policy uncertainty

FOMC now expects more rate cuts going forward than in June

China gaining ASEAN exports while US exports slump

Job openings less than the number unemployed in July for first time since 2021

Reaccelerating goods price inflation along with sticky services inflation clouds the outlook

Falling oil prices aren't pulling down inflation expectations, pointing to a boost from increased tariffs

Equity market exuberance outpacing macroeconomic data

Apart from Japan, Blue Chip forecasters expect further sizable monetary easing

US production rebounded in Q2, but demand continued to slow

US leader, Germany trailer for real GDP growth over past 3 years

Negative US inflation surprises leading G10 down

Deflation continues in China

Incoming data surprising on downside in US; positive surprises elsewhere

Our global data offering is unparalleled in terms of coverage, quality, and organization. We offer 290+ databases from 2500 government and private sources, a wealth of key survey and forecast data covering the world’s economies, and a robust offering of archive databases that drive machine learning for big data applications.

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Initial claims for unemployment insurance dropped 10,000 to 214,000 in the week of December 20, from 224,000 during the week of December 13. The four-week moving average of initial claims was 216,750, a decrease of 750 from the prior week’s unrevised 217,500.

Federal government employees initially filed 805 (NSA) jobless insurance claims in the week ended December 13, after filing 1091 claims in the week ended December 6.

Continuing claims for unemployment insurance rose 38,000 to 1.923 million in the week ending December 13, after rising 55,000 to 1.885 million, revised from 1.897 million in the week ending December 6. The four-week moving average was 1.894 million in the week ending December 13, down 5,250 from 1.899 million, revised from 1,902,000 in the week ending December 6. The insured unemployment rate stood at 1.3% in the week of December 13, up from 1.2% in the week of December 6.

Federal government employees’ continuing benefits claims were 12,887 (NSA) in the week ending December 6, from 14,077 (NSA) in the week of November 29. 

The insured unemployment rate varied greatly across individual states and territories. In the week ending December 6, the highest unemployment rates were in New Jersey and Washington (both 2.40%), Massachusetts and Minnesota (both 2.10%), California and Rhode Island (both 2.00%). The lowest rates were in Florida (0.30%), and Alabama, Louisiana, North Carolina (all 0.40%). Rates in other notable states include New York (1.80%), Illinois and Pennsylvania (both 1.70%), and Texas (1.10%). These state data are not seasonally adjusted.

Data on weekly unemployment claims are from the Department of Labor itself, not the Bureau of Labor Statistics. They begin in 1967 and are contained in Haver’s **WEEKLY** database and summarized monthly in **USECON**. Data for individual states are in **REGIONW** back to December 1986.


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- Initial claims declined from the prior week.
- Continuing claims rose from the prior week.
- The insured unemployment rate edged up.


U.S. Initial Claims for Unemployment Insurance Dropped in Latest Week

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Mortgage applications dropped 5.0% w/w (+49.8% y/y) in the week of December 19, after a drop of 3.8% w/w (+40.9% y/y) in the week of December 12, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey. Applications for loans to purchase a house fell 3.7% w/w (+15.9% y/y) in the latest week, the third consecutive weekly decline, following a drop of 2.8% w/w (+12.3% y/y) in the December 12 week. Applications for loan refinancing dropped 5.6% w/w (+110.1% y/y) in the December 19 week after a decline of 3.6% w/w (+86.0% y/y) in the week of December 12. 

The effective interest rate on a 30-year fixed-rate loan fell 8bps to 6.48% in the week ending December 19 from 6.56% in the week ending December 12. The rate on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages dropped 5bps to 5.86% in the latest week from 5.91% in the prior week. The 30-year Jumbo rate rose 8bps to 6.63% in the December 19 week from 6.55% in the December 12 week. The rate on a 5-year ARM jumped 20bps to 5.96% in the latest week from 5.76% in the December 12 week.

The share of applications for refinancing an existing loan edged up to 59.1% of total applications in the December19 week from 59.0% in the week ending December 12. The adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) share of activity rose to 8.1% in the latest week from 7.2% in the December 12 week.

The average size of a mortgage loan edged down 0.1% w/w (+7.8% y/y) to $399,700 in the week ending December 19, following a rise of 1.5% w/w (6.4% y/y) to $400,000 in the December 12 week. The average size of a purchase loan rose 1.0% w/w (1.1% y/y) to $428,600 in the latest week, after rising 0.6% w/w (-0.3% y/y) to $424,200 in the prior week. The average size of a loan to refinance a mortgage declined 0.9% w/w (+24.9% y/y) to $379,700 in the December 19 week, following a rise of 2.3% w/w (19.8% y/y) to $383,300 in the week ending December 12.

The Mortgage Bankers Association Survey covers 75% of all U.S. retail residential mortgage applications and has been conducted weekly since 1990. Respondents include mortgage bankers, commercial banks and thrifts. The base period and value for all indexes is March 16, 1990=100. The figures for weekly mortgage applications and interest rates are available in Haver’s **SURVEYS** database.


- Both purchase applications and refinancing loan applications fell in the latest week.
- Effective interest rate on 30-year fixed loans fell to 6.48%.
- Average loan size edged down.


U.S. Mortgage Applications Dropped in the Week of December 19

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Real GDP grew 4.3% (SAAR) during the third quarter following a 3.8% Q2 gain, revised from 3.3% reported initially. These increases followed a minimally revised 0.6% decline in Q1. A 3.0% rise had been expected in the Action Economics Forecast Survey. Growth during the last four quarters of 2.3% compared to 2.1% y/y in Q2 and remained below its most recent high of 3.4% in Q4 2023.

After-tax corporate profits without IVA & CCA adjustment surged 7.0% (4.2% y/y) last quarter after edging 0.6% higher in Q2. Before-tax earnings with IVA & CCA rose 4.2% (9.1% y/y) after improving 0.2% in Q2. Financial sector earnings rose 6.2% (21.1% y/y) after rising 1.1% in Q2. Nonfinancial corporate profits rose 2.5% (3.3% y/y) after edging 0.5% higher in Q2. Earnings from abroad jumped 10.6% (26.3% y/y) following a 2.9% Q2  decline.

Foreign trade balance improvement added 1.59 percentage points to growth last quarter after adding 4.83 percentage points in Q2. Real exports increased 2.1% (1.5% y/y) after falling 0.5% in Q2. Real imports declined 1.2% (-1.8% y/y) after declining 8.3% in Q2. Inventories subtracted 0.22 percentage points from growth after subtracting 3.44 percentage point from Q2 growth.

Real final sales to private domestic purchasers grew 3.0% (2.6% y/y) last quartter after rising 2.9% in Q2, revised from 1.6%. Personal consumption expenditures rose 3.5% (2.6% y/y) after a 2.5% rise, revised from 1.6%. Durable goods spending rose 1.6% (3.2% y/y) after increasing 2.3% in Q2. Motor vehicle purchases declined 6.7% (+1.6% y/y) after strengthening 9.7% in Q2. Spending on home furnishings & appliances weakened 4.2% (+0.7% y/y) following a 2.0% fall. Recreational goods & vehicle buying surged 15.7% (7.0% y/y) last quarter after falling 2.5% in Q2.

Nondurable goods outlays in constant dollars rose 3.9% (3.0% y/y) last quarter following 2.2% growth in Q2. Apparel spending strengthened 6.7% (7.0% y/y) following a 5.8% rise. Food & beverage buying gained 2.0% (1.3% y/y) after edging 0.2% higher. Gasoline & fuel oil purchases improved 1.3% (-0.2% y/y) after falling 2.8% in Q2.



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Real spending on services increased 3.7% (2.4% y/y) in Q3 after a 2.6% Q2 gain. Outlays on housing & utilities edged 0.3% higher (1.0% y/y) after easing 0.2% in Q2. Health care expenditures surged 6.8% (4.5% y/y) after a 4.8% increase. Transportation outlays gained 3.1% both  q/q and y/y after a 7.0% rise, while recreation spending jumped 6.6% (2.4% y/y) following a 3.9% rise. Restaurant & hotel expenditures increased 1.2% (2.0% y/y) after strengthening 5.9% in Q2. Financial services expenditures rose 2.6% both q/q and y/y following a 4.8% Q2 increase.

Business fixed investment in constant dollars increased 2.8% (3.9% y/y) last  quarter following a 7.3% Q2 rise, revised from 5.7%. Expenditures on structures declined 6.3% both q/q and y/y, after falling for six consecutive quarters. Expenditures on producers’ durable equipment increased 5.4% (7.4% y/y), after strengthening 8.5% in Q2. Outlays on information processing equipment rose 8.4% (18.6% y/y), after strengthening 11.7% during Q2. Industrial equipment investment rose 2.0% (3.4% y/y) after a 6.5% rise. Transportation equipment investment fell  2.7% (+3.0% y/y) after strengthening 25.2%. Intellectual property product spending rose 5.4% last quarter (6.4% y/y), after surging 15.0% in Q2.

Residential structures investment in real terms declined 5.1% (-1.8% y/y), the same as in Q2. It was the third consecutive quartly decline.

Government spending rose 2.2% (1.1% y/y) during the third quarter after an unrevised 0.1% easing in Q2. Federal government expenditures rose 2.9% (-1.0% y/y) after falling 5.3% in Q2. National defense expenditures increased 5.8% (1.0% y/y) after rising 0.9% in Q2. State & local government spending rose 1.8% (2.4% y/y) following a 3.1% rise.

The GDP chain price index rose 3.8% (3.0% y/y) last quarter vs. 2.1% in Q2. The PCE chain price index increased 2.8% (2.7% y/y) following a 2.1% rise. The PCE price index excluding food and energy rose 2.9% (2.9% y/y) after increasing 2.6% in Q2. The business fixed investment price index rose 5.2% (1.5% y/y) in Q3 after a 0.4% decline. The residential price index rose 4.5% (3.3% y/y) last quarter after a 2.2% rise, while the government price index increased 4.4% (3.5% y/y) following a 3.3% rise.

The GDP data can be found in Haver’s **USECON** and **USNA** databases. **USNA** contains virtually all of the Bureau of Economic Analysis detail in the national accounts. The Action Economics consensus estimates can be found in **AS1REPNA**.



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- Consumer spending strengthens; growth in business investment decelerates.
- Corporate profit growth led by earnings abroad.
- Rise in chain price index accelerates.


U.S. GDP Growth is Strong in Q3; Profits Jump

Sandy Batten

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Industrial production fell 0.1% m/m in October but rose 0.2% m/m (2.5% y/y) in November. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected 0.1% monthly gains in both months. Manufacturing activity was tepid with manufacturing production falling 0.4% m/m in October and unchanged in November. Manufacturing output has not posted a monthly gain since July. Mining output fell 0.8% m/m in October but rebounded 1.7% m/m in November. Utilities output surged 2.6% m/m in October but fell 0.4% m/m in November. Compared to a year ago, manufacturing production is up 1.9%; mining output is up 3.9%; and utilities output is up 4.8%.

By market group, output of durable consumer goods plunged 2.6% m/m in October and fell another 0.2% in November. Production of durable consumer goods has declined in five of the previous six months. Production of nondurable consumer goods rose 0.5% m/m in both October and November. Compared to a year ago, durable consumer goods production has fallen 5.9% while nondurable consumer goods output has risen 2.7%. Business equipment production fell 0.3% m/m in October but rebounded 0.3% m/m in November and is up 11.2% y/y. Production of nonindustrial supplies fell 0.3% m/m in both October and November.

By industry group, output of durable goods fell 0.5% m/m in October and declined 0.1% m/m in November but were up 3.2% from a year ago. Motor vehicle and parts production slumped 5.1% m/m in October and declined 1.0% m/m in November to be down 5.6% from a year ago. Monthly motor vehicle output has declined in five of the previous six months. In contrast, production of computers and electronic products increased 1.5% m/m in October and rose 0.8% m/m in November. Aerospace production continued to rise, increasing 2.0% m/m in October and 1.1% m/m in November to be up 25.2% from a year ago. Output of nondurable goods fell 0.2% m/m in October and edged up 0.1% m/m in November. Their output is up 0.9% from a year ago. Apparel output fell 1.3% m/m in October but recovered in November, rising 2.3% m/m. Food and beverage output rose 0.3% m/m in October and another 1.2% in November.

Output of selected high-technology industries rebounded in October and November. After having declined 1.0% m/m in both August and September, production jumped 1.9% m/m in October and 1.1% m/m in November to stand 11.8% higher than a year ago. Manufacturing output excluding selected high-tech industries fell 0.4% m/m in October and was unchanged in November. It has risen only 1.6% over the past year. Manufacturing excluding motor vehicle production was unchanged in October and edged up 0.1% m/m in November; it is up 2.6% y/y.

Total industry capacity utilization edged down to 75.9% in October from 76.0% in September and then recovered the decline in November, edging up to 76.0%. In the manufacturing sector, the utilization rate slumped to 75.4% in October from 75.8% in September and remained at 75.4% in November. The October/November reading is the lowest since January.

Industrial production and capacity data are in Haver’s **USECON** database. Additional detail on production and capacity utilization can be found in the **IP** database. The expectations figures come from the **AS1REPNA** database.



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- Today’s release contained figures for both October and November that had been delayed by the federal government shutdown.
- IP fell in October but recovered in November.
- Manufacturing output was tepid, falling in October and unchanged in November.
- A surge in utilities output in October prevented a larger decline in total production.
- A jump in mining output in November accounted for all of the increase in total production.


U.S. Industrial Production Fell in October and Recovered in November

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New orders for durable goods fell a more-than-expected 2.2% (+4.8% y/y) in October following an upwardly revised 0.7% m/m rise in September (previously +0.5% m/m) and a 3.0% monthly jump in August. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected a 1.5% m/m decline. A 23.7% m/m drop in aircraft orders more than accounted for the overall decline. Orders excluding aircraft increased 0.2% m/m (4.0% y/y) in October on top of a 0.5% monthly increase in September.

More generally, transportation orders fell 6.5% m/m (+7.3% y/y) in October following a 0.6% m/m increase in September and an 8.0% monthly jump in August. In addition to the drop in aircraft orders, orders for motor vehicles and parts edged up 0.1% m/m in October, their sixth consecutive monthly increase. Across other sectors, orders for primary metals fell 0.7% m/m, their first monthly decline in ten months. Orders for electrical equipment and appliances slumped 1.5% m/m, their first monthly decline in seven months. In contrast, orders for fabricated metal products rose 0.5% m/m, their fourth consecutive monthly gain. Machinery orders increased 0.8% m/m, their eighth consecutive monthly rise. Orders for computers and electronic products increased a solid 1.0% m/m on top of a 1.2% monthly increase in September.

Shipments of core capital goods (nondefense capital goods shipments excluding aircraft) are a reliable coincident indicator of business spending on equipment in the national accounts. They rose 0.7% m/m in October following an upwardly revised 1.2% monthly gain in September (previously +0.9%). The was the second consecutive monthly increase and the fifth in the past six months. The strong end to Q3 and the continued rise in the first month of Q4 provides a solid starting point for all of Q4. The October shipments figure was 5.9% at an annual rate above the Q3 average. Core capital goods orders rose 0.5% m/m in October on top of an upwardly revised 1.1% m/m increase in September (previously +0.9%). This was the fourth consecutive monthly rise.

Total manufacturing shipments edged up 0.1% m/m (+2.8% y/y) in October after having been essentially unchanged in September. Shipments of durable goods increased 0.6% m/m (5.9% y/y), led by 1.4% monthly jump in transportation shipments. However, apart from a 0.1% m/m decline in shipments of other durable goods, all of the other major sectors posted monthly gains in October. In contrast, shipments of nondurable goods fell 0.4% m/m (-0.3% y/y) in October for their third consecutive monthly decline. The monthly decline was led by a 2.4% m/m fall in shipments of petroleum and coal products although it was relatively widely spread across major sectors. The one exception was a 2.1% m/m increase in leather product shipments, but this came after four consecutive sizeable monthly declines.

Unfilled durable goods orders increased 0.2% m/m (7.9% y/y) in October for their third consecutive monthly gain following a 0.8% m/m rise in September and a 0.7% m/m increase in August. Total factory inventories were unchanged in October (+1.4% y/y) following 0.1% monthly declines in both August and September. Durable goods inventories edged up 0.1% m/m in October while inventories of nondurable goods fell 0.2% m/m, the third consecutive monthly decline.

The factory sector data are available in Haver’s **USECON** database. The Action Economics Forecast Survey is in the **AS1REPNA** database.



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- New orders for durable goods slumped 2.2% m/m in October following increases in both August and September
- A 24% monthly drop in aircraft orders drove the overall decline
- Orders excluding aircraft rose 0.2% m/m in October
- Core capital goods shipments and orders continued to rise in October with small upward revisions to September


Economy in Brief: 2005

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