Tom Moeller

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060120d.jpg" width="353">
The University of Michigan reported that consumer sentiment in January rose another 2.1% to 93.4. The rise was the third off the October low which has totaled 25.9% and the gain surpassed Consensus expectations for an increase to 92.5.
During the last ten years there has been a 76% correlation between the level of consumer sentiment and the y/y change in real consumer spending.
The current conditions index rose 2.7% as the reading of buying conditions for large household goods rose sharply back to last year&#39;s high, though the reading of personal finances fell slightly (-4.1% y/y). Consumers&#39; assessment of gov&#39;t economic policy (-12.2% y/y) improved to the highest level since October.
Consumers&#39; expectations increased a moderate 1.6% following the 15.2% December spurt. Expected business conditions during the next year and during the net five years rose but expectations for personal finances gave back most of a December surge.
The mean expected inflation rate for the next twelve months fell to 3.5% from 4.1% and was below the 5.5% expected in October &amp; September.
The University of Michigan survey is not seasonally adjusted.The mid-month survey is based on telephone interviews with 250 households nationwide on personal finances and business and buying conditions. The survey is expanded to a total of 500 interviews at month end.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF14/@EF1402/@EF1402.HTM">University of Michigan</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Consumer Sentiment</td>
<td>93.4</td>
<td>91.5</td>
<td>-2.2%</td>
<td>88.6</td>
<td>95.2</td>
<td>87.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Current Conditions</td>
<td>112.0</td>
<td>109.1</td>
<td>1.0%</td>
<td>105.9</td>
<td>105.6</td>
<td>97.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Expectations</td>
<td>81.5</td>
<td>80.2</td>
<td>-4.9%</td>
<td>77.4</td>
<td>88.5</td>
<td>81.4</td>
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The University of Michigan reported that consumer sentiment in January rose another 2.1% to 93.4. The rise was the third off the October low which has totaled 25.9% and the gain surpassed Consensus expectations for an increase to [...]

U.S. Consumer Sentiment Rose Further

Carol Stone, CBE

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119e.jpg" width="353">
Industrial sales and orders rebounded markedly in Italy in November after pausing in October, according to data reported today by Istat, the Italian national statistical agency. Total orders gained 1.8% and stand 4.0% above a year ago, while sales (often called &#147;turnover&#148; there) were up 1.6% in the month and 4.4% on the year.
As the case in much of Europe, the foreign sector is tending to run ahead of the domestic economy. For the entire period since the index base year of 2000, foreign orders are up 14.5%, while domestic orders have been virtually flat. In the past year, foreign orders are up 5.8% and foreign sales by 7.6%, compared with somewhat over 3% for domestic orders and sales.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119f.jpg" width="353">
Individual industries are experiencing mixed fortunes, with electrical equipment, furniture and chemicals advancing in the last year. Metals and machinery see slowing growth, and transportation equipment and wood products have been flat. Finally, textiles and paper products are declining.
By type, consumer goods turnover seems recently to have the most consistent growth, albeit less dramatic expansion. Capital goods are tending to expand, but very unevenly from month-to-month, so there is little identifiable momentum. Energy products are very strong, but other intermediate goods have been erratic and trendless.
A reminder that these data appear in several Haver databases: most obviously in ITALY, our comprehensive and detailed country-source database. But also, a summary is presented in G10, a collection of major industrial countries in Europe plus the US, Canada, and Japan. And EUROSTAT, compiled from Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, contains an array of industrial orders throughout Europe. <span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> 

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/ITALY/@I06/@I06.HTM">Italy Industry</a> </th>
Nov 2005 
<th scope="col">Oct 2005 </th>
<th scope="col">Year Ago </th>
<th scope="col">2004 </th>
<th scope="col">2003 </th>
<th scope="col">2002 </th>
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<td class="firstcol">Index* </td>
<td>% Chg </td>
</tr>
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<td class="firstcol"><h1>Sales </h1></td>
<td>109.6 </td>
<td>1.6 </td>
<td>-0.6 </td>
<td>4.4 </td>
<td>3.1 </td>
<td>-1.0 </td>
<td>1.1 </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Domestic </td>
<td>108.2 </td>
<td>1.4 </td>
<td>-0.3 </td>
<td>3.3 </td>
<td>2.9 </td>
<td>-0.6 </td>
<td>0.8 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign </td>
<td>113.5 </td>
<td>2.0 </td>
<td>-1.4 </td>
<td>7.6 </td>
<td>3.6 </td>
<td>-2.3 </td>
<td>1.7 </td>
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<td class="firstcol">Orders </td>
<td>104.1 </td>
<td>1.8 </td>
<td>-0.9 </td>
<td>4.0 </td>
<td>4.7 </td>
<td>-3.8 </td>
<td>2.3 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Domestic </td>
<td>99.5 </td>
<td>2.1 </td>
<td>-1.3 </td>
<td>3.1 </td>
<td>3.9 </td>
<td>-3.5 </td>
<td>1.0 </td>
</tr>
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<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign </td>
<td>114.5 </td>
<td>1.1 </td>
<td>-0.1 </td>
<td>5.8 </td>
<td>6.3 </td>
<td>-4.2 </td>
<td>5.1 </td>
</tr>
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Industrial sales and orders rebounded markedly in Italy in November after pausing in October, according to data reported today by Istat, the Italian national statistical agency. Total orders gained 1.8% and stand 4.0% above a year [...]

Italian Industry Moves Unevenly Higher Through November

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119g.jpg" width="353">
The Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector for January from the Philadelphia Fed fell sharply to 3.3 from 10.9 in December. Consensus expectations had been for improvement to 13.1. It was the lowest level for the index since last June.
During the last ten years there has been a 68% correlation between the level of the Philadelphia Fed Business Conditions Index and three month growth in factory sector industrial production. There has been a 50% correlation with q/q growth in real GDP.
The business conditions index reflects a separate survey question, not the sub indexes, and most of the sub indexes improved this month versus December.
The sub index measuring new orders rose to 11.1, its highest since October, from 5.8. Shipments also rose to 18.6 from 9.4 while the index covering the number of employees advanced to 11.7 from 7.9. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the employment index and the three month growth in factory payrolls.
The separate index of expected business conditions in six months fell moderately, reversing most of the revised rise in December. Expectations for employment also backpedaled after sharp improvement during December.
The prices paid index fell moderately and the index of future prices fell to its lowest level since last June. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the prices paid index and the three month growth in the intermediate goods PPI. The correlation with the finished goods PPI has been 50% and with the CPI it&#39;s been 43%.
The latest Business Outlook survey from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank can be found <a href="http://www.phil.frb.org/files/bos/bos0106.html">here</a>.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S5/@S504/@S504.HTM">Philadelphia Fed Business Outlook</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Jan &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
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<td class="firstcol">General Activity Index</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>10.9</td>
<td>11.0</td>
<td>12.4</td>
<td>28.0</td>
<td>10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid Index</td>
<td>44.9</td>
<td>47.1</td>
<td>64.1</td>
<td>43.5</td>
<td>51.2</td>
<td>16.8</td>
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The Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector for January from the Philadelphia Fed fell sharply to 3.3 from 10.9 in December. Consensus expectations had been for improvement to 13.1. It was the lowest level for [...]

Philadelphia Fed Business Activity Off Sharply

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119a.jpg" width="353">
Initial claims for unemployment insurance dropped 36,000 to 271,000 last week following a downwardly revised 15,000 increase the prior week. Consensus expectations had been for 315,000 claims.
The latest figure covers the survey period for January nonfarm payrolls and initial claims fell a sharp 48,000 (15.0%) from the December period to the lowest level since March 2000.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119b.jpg" width="353">
During the last ten years there has been a (negative) 75% correlation between the level of initial jobless insurance claims and the m/m change in payroll employment.
The four-week moving average of initial claims fell sharply to 299,000 (-11.2% y/y), its lowest level since July 2000.
Continuing unemployment insurance claims dropped a sharp 158,000 to the lowest level since February 2001.
The insured rate of unemployment fell to 2.0% after four weeks at 2.1%.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/WEEKLY/@W5/@W507/@W507.HTM">Unemployment Insurance (000s)</a></th>
<th scope="col">01/14/06</th>
<th scope="col">01/07/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
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<td class="firstcol">Initial Claims</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>307</td>
<td>-16.9%</td>
<td>332</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Continuing Claims</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>2,534</td>
<td>-6.4%</td>
<td>2,663</td>
<td>2,924</td>
<td>3,532</td>
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</tbody>
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Initial claims for unemployment insurance dropped 36,000 to 271,000 last week following a downwardly revised 15,000 increase the prior week. Consensus expectations had been for 315,000 claims. The latest figure covers the survey [...]

Initial Jobless Insurance Claims Dropped Sharply

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119d.jpg" width="353">
Housing starts slumped 8.0% m/m last month to 1.933M units following a little revised 3.4% increase in November. The decline was to the lowest level since March but did not prevent starts for all of 2005 from rising 6.0% to a record 2.066M. Consensus expectations had been for a lesser decline in December to 2.05M starts.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119c.jpg" width="353">
Single-family starts plummeted 12.3% m/m to 1.577M from the near record November level. The gain was most pronounced in the West where starts fell 21.7% (-17.1% y/y) and in the Midwest where single family starts dropped 22.6% (-23.8% y/y). In the Northeast single family starts fell for the fifth month in the last six, down 4.5% (-9.3% y/y) and in the South starts fell 4.2% (+4.3% y/y).
Multi family starts rose 10.2% m/m following a downwardly revised gain during November. Building permits fell 4.4% to the lowest level since May.
The latest Beige Book covering regional economic conditions in the US from the Federal Reserve Board can be found <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/beigebook/2006/20060118/default.htm"> here</a>.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E901/@E90101/@E90101.HTM">Housing Starts (000s, AR)</a> </th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total</td>
<td>1,933</td>
<td>2,121</td>
<td>-5.7%</td>
<td>2,066</td>
<td>1,950</td>
<td>1,854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Single-family</td>
<td>1,577</td>
<td>1,798</td>
<td>-7.9%</td>
<td>1,713</td>
<td>1,604</td>
<td>1,505</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Multi-family</td>
<td>356</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>5.6%</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>349</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Building Permits</td>
<td>2,068</td>
<td>2,163</td>
<td>-0.6%</td>
<td>2,121</td>
<td>2,058</td>
<td>1,8 88</td>
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Housing starts slumped 8.0% m/m last month to 1.933M units following a little revised 3.4% increase in November. The decline was to the lowest level since March but did not prevent starts for all of 2005 from rising 6.0% to a record [...]

Housing Starts Fell To Lowest Level Since March

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119d.jpg" width="353">
Housing starts slumped 8.0% m/m last month to 1.933M units following a little revised 3.4% increase in November. The decline was to the lowest level since March but did not prevent starts for all of 2005 from rising 6.0% to a record 2.066M. Consensus expectations had been for a lesser decline in December to 2.05M starts.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119c.jpg" width="353">
Single-family starts plummeted 12.3% m/m to 1.577M from the near record November level. The gain was most pronounced in the West where starts fell 21.7% (-17.1% y/y) and in the Midwest where single family starts dropped 22.6% (-23.8% y/y). In the Northeast single family starts fell for the fifth month in the last six, down 4.5% (-9.3% y/y) and in the South starts fell 4.2% (+4.3% y/y).
Multi family starts rose 10.2% m/m following a downwardly revised gain during November. Building permits fell 4.4% to the lowest level since May.
The latest Beige Book covering regional economic conditions in the US from the Federal Reserve Board can be found <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/beigebook/2006/20060118/default.htm"> here</a>.

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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E901/@E90101/@E90101.HTM">Housing Starts (000s, AR)</a> </th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total</td>
<td>1,933</td>
<td>2,121</td>
<td>-5.7%</td>
<td>2,066</td>
<td>1,950</td>
<td>1,854</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Single-family</td>
<td>1,577</td>
<td>1,798</td>
<td>-7.9%</td>
<td>1,713</td>
<td>1,604</td>
<td>1,505</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Multi-family</td>
<td>356</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>5.6%</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>345</td>
<td>349</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Building Permits</td>
<td>2,068</td>
<td>2,163</td>
<td>-0.6%</td>
<td>2,121</td>
<td>2,058</td>
<td>1,8 88</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Initial Jobless Insurance Claims Dropped Sharply 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> January 19, 2006


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119a.jpg" width="353">
Initial claims for unemployment insurance dropped 36,000 to 271,000 last week following a downwardly revised 15,000 increase the prior week. Consensus expectations had been for 315,000 claims.
The latest figure covers the survey period for January nonfarm payrolls and initial claims fell a sharp 48,000 (15.0%) from the December period to the lowest level since March 2000.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119b.jpg" width="353">
During the last ten years there has been a (negative) 75% correlation between the level of initial jobless insurance claims and the m/m change in payroll employment.
The four-week moving average of initial claims fell sharply to 299,000 (-11.2% y/y), its lowest level since July 2000.
Continuing unemployment insurance claims dropped a sharp 158,000 to the lowest level since February 2001.
The insured rate of unemployment fell to 2.0% after four weeks at 2.1%.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/WEEKLY/@W5/@W507/@W507.HTM">Unemployment Insurance (000s)</a></th>
<th scope="col">01/14/06</th>
<th scope="col">01/07/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Initial Claims</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>307</td>
<td>-16.9%</td>
<td>332</td>
<td>343</td>
<td>402</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Continuing Claims</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>2,534</td>
<td>-6.4%</td>
<td>2,663</td>
<td>2,924</td>
<td>3,532</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Philadelphia Fed Business Activity Off Sharply  
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> January 19, 2006


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119g.jpg" width="353">
The Index of General Business Conditions in the manufacturing sector for January from the Philadelphia Fed fell sharply to 3.3 from 10.9 in December. Consensus expectations had been for improvement to 13.1. It was the lowest level for the index since last June.
During the last ten years there has been a 68% correlation between the level of the Philadelphia Fed Business Conditions Index and three month growth in factory sector industrial production. There has been a 50% correlation with q/q growth in real GDP.
The business conditions index reflects a separate survey question, not the sub indexes, and most of the sub indexes improved this month versus December.
The sub index measuring new orders rose to 11.1, its highest since October, from 5.8. Shipments also rose to 18.6 from 9.4 while the index covering the number of employees advanced to 11.7 from 7.9. During the last ten years there has been a 64% correlation between the employment index and the three month growth in factory payrolls.
The separate index of expected business conditions in six months fell moderately, reversing most of the revised rise in December. Expectations for employment also backpedaled after sharp improvement during December.
The prices paid index fell moderately and the index of future prices fell to its lowest level since last June. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the prices paid index and the three month growth in the intermediate goods PPI. The correlation with the finished goods PPI has been 50% and with the CPI it&#39;s been 43%.
The latest Business Outlook survey from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank can be found <a href="http://www.phil.frb.org/files/bos/bos0106.html">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYS/@S5/@S504/@S504.HTM">Philadelphia Fed Business Outlook</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Jan &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">2005</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">General Activity Index</td>
<td>3.3</td>
<td>10.9</td>
<td>11.0</td>
<td>12.4</td>
<td>28.0</td>
<td>10.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid Index</td>
<td>44.9</td>
<td>47.1</td>
<td>64.1</td>
<td>43.5</td>
<td>51.2</td>
<td>16.8</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Italian Industry Moves Unevenly Higher Through November 
by <a href="/comment/Stone.html">Carol Stone</a> January 19, 2006


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119e.jpg" width="353">
Industrial sales and orders rebounded markedly in Italy in November after pausing in October, according to data reported today by Istat, the Italian national statistical agency. Total orders gained 1.8% and stand 4.0% above a year ago, while sales (often called &#147;turnover&#148; there) were up 1.6% in the month and 4.4% on the year. 
As the case in much of Europe, the foreign sector is tending to run ahead of the domestic economy. For the entire period since the index base year of 2000, foreign orders are up 14.5%, while domestic orders have been virtually flat. In the past year, foreign orders are up 5.8% and foreign sales by 7.6%, compared with somewhat over 3% for domestic orders and sales.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060119f.jpg" width="353">
Individual industries are experiencing mixed fortunes, with electrical equipment, furniture and chemicals advancing in the last year. Metals and machinery see slowing growth, and transportation equipment and wood products have been flat. Finally, textiles and paper products are declining.
By type, consumer goods turnover seems recently to have the most consistent growth, albeit less dramatic expansion. Capital goods are tending to expand, but very unevenly from month-to-month, so there is little identifiable momentum. Energy products are very strong, but other intermediate goods have been erratic and trendless.
A reminder that these data appear in several Haver databases: most obviously in ITALY, our comprehensive and detailed country-source database. But also, a summary is presented in G10, a collection of major industrial countries in Europe plus the US, Canada, and Japan. And EUROSTAT, compiled from Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, contains an array of industrial orders throughout Europe.<span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Verdana;
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mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> 

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/ITALY/@I06/@I06.HTM">Italy Industry</a> </th>
Nov 2005 
<th scope="col">Oct 2005 </th>
<th scope="col">Year Ago </th>
<th scope="col">2004 </th>
<th scope="col">2003 </th>
<th scope="col">2002 </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Index* </td>
<td>% Chg </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol"><h1>Sales </h1></td>
<td>109.6 </td>
<td>1.6 </td>
<td>-0.6 </td>
<td>4.4 </td>
<td>3.1 </td>
<td>-1.0 </td>
<td>1.1 </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Domestic </td>
<td>108.2 </td>
<td>1.4 </td>
<td>-0.3 </td>
<td>3.3 </td>
<td>2.9 </td>
<td>-0.6 </td>
<td>0.8 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign </td>
<td>113.5 </td>
<td>2.0 </td>
<td>-1.4 </td>
<td>7.6 </td>
<td>3.6 </td>
<td>-2.3 </td>
<td>1.7 </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Orders </td>
<td>104.1 </td>
<td>1.8 </td>
<td>-0.9 </td>
<td>4.0 </td>
<td>4.7 </td>
<td>-3.8 </td>
<td>2.3 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Domestic </td>
<td>99.5 </td>
<td>2.1 </td>
<td>-1.3 </td>
<td>3.1 </td>
<td>3.9 </td>
<td>-3.5 </td>
<td>1.0 </td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign </td>
<td>114.5 </td>
<td>1.1 </td>
<td>-0.1 </td>
<td>5.8 </td>
<td>6.3 </td>
<td>-4.2 </td>
<td>5.1 </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060118f.jpg" width="353">
Employment has begun to falter in the UK, according to the latest Labor Force Survey, published today by the Office of National Statistics (ONS). In the 3 months centered on October, the number of people employed fell 49,000 from September&#39;s 3-month average and stood only 0.8% above a year ago. As recently as August the year-on-year gain was 1.3%. The employment rate decreased 0.2 percentage points in the October reading to 74.5% from 74.7% in September and 74.8 in the October period of 2004. This rate, the number employed compared to the population of &quot;working age&quot; (16-59 for women and 16-64 for men), peaked at 75.0% last January. Commensurately, the unemployment rate has risen, reaching 5.0% most recently, up from a low of 4.7% recorded in August.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/060118g.jpg" width="353">
Associated wage and unemployment insurance data also show softening. The average earnings index, watched by many in the UK as a harbinger of inflation pressures, had just a 3.4% yearly growth rate in the three months ended November, slowing from 4.6% as recently as April. The number of claimants for Jobseeker&#39;s Allowance benefits rose in the month of December to 909,100 from 901,900 in November and 825,000 in December 2004.
There are other scattered signs of softening in the UK. Consumer confidence turned negative in October, and industrial production declined irregularly through much of 2005. The CBI industrial trends survey shows marked declines in order books continuously since March. GDP growth slowed to below 2% year-on-year in Q2 and Q3. [Q4 data are due to be reported next Wednesday, January 25.] Exports, by contrast, have been rising as have retail sales. So there is some mixed quality to UK economic activity, but the basic industry appears sluggish and it&#39;s hardly surprising that the labor market is sharing in this.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/UK/@U7/@U7.HTM">UK Labor Force Survey (SA)</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Nov 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Oct 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Sept 2005</th>
<th scope="col">Year Ago</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Employment (Thous)</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>28,764</td>
<td>28,813</td>
<td>28,542</td>
<td>28,465</td>
<td>28,183</td>
<td>27,917</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Change (Thous/%)</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>-49</td>
<td>-12</td>
<td>0.8</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>1.0</td>
<td>0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Employment Rate (%)</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>74.5</td>
<td>74.7</td>
<td>74.8</td>
<td>74.8</td>
<td>74.6</td>
<td>74.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Unemployment Rate (%)</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>--</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>4.8</td>
<td>5.0</td>
<td>5.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Average Earnings Index (Yr/Yr %) </td>
<td>--</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>3.6</td>
<td>4.1</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>4.3</td>
<td>3.4</td>
<td>3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Claimant Count (Thous)</td>
<td>909.1</td>
<td>901.9</td>
<td>891.5</td>
<td>878.0</td>
<td>825.0</td>
<td>853.6</td>
<td>933.3</td>
<td>946.7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Employment has begun to falter in the UK, according to the latest Labor Force Survey, published today by the Office of National Statistics (ONS). In the 3 months centered on October, the number of people employed fell 49,000 from [...]

UK Labor Market Weakens in Late 2005

USD/EUR exchange rate uncoupling from interest rate differential

Widespread downgrading of 2025 GDP outlook

Trade and fiscal policy uncertainty has exploded with the new administration

Much lower US electricity costs gives it a competitive advantage

Wage growth slowing in the US and Euro area; elevated and sticky in the UK

Stagflation-lite: Blue Chip forecasts below-trend growth and elevated inflation

US policy gyrations boosting policy uncertainty worldwide

Expected tariff hikes have boosted inflation expectations

US and Japan ended 2024 on solid ground in contrast to Europe

US economy expected to outperform other major economies in 2025

Only modest evidence of AI-related surge in US productivity growth

Previous Trump tariffs fading. A boost from new tariffs ahead?

Heavy US manufacturing states underperforming while Sun Belt states outperforming

Rising long-term yields a global phenomenon

US financial market concerns shifting from growth to inflation

Economic activity is picking up in the US but remains lackluster abroad

Policy uncertainty has surged since the US national elections.

Recent turnaround in US economic surprises leading to increases in rate-cut expectations

The outlook has brightened in the US, while it has dimmed for other major economies

Headline US PCE inflation elevated by sticky services prices

US and global equity prices have recently diverged

US leading global upturn in economic surprises

Blue Chip forecasters look for further significant monetary easing apart from Japan

Recent rise in global supply chain pressures could augur a pickup in global inflation pressures

Underperforming German economy generating increased policy uncertainty relative to Europe and the US

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Andrew Cates

**China-US shipping activity** 
The economic fallout from escalating US-China trade tensions is becoming increasingly visible in the data. A clear example is the chart below, which highlights a sharp drop in vessel arrivals at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, along with a notable decline in ships waiting offshore. These trends point to a tangible weakening in bilateral trade flows, as the effects of tit-for-tat tariffs imposed by both countries begin to bite. Given the outsized role the US and China play in global commerce, this slowdown is likely to reverberate through global supply chains, weighing on trade volumes, dampening demand, and curbing economic growth worldwide.

250501Z1.jpg

**GDP growth in Q1**
Data this week showed that the US economy contracted, albeit modestly, in Q1 even as the euro area recorded a modest expansion—an unusual divergence. The contraction in US GDP can be largely attributed to a sharp increase in imports, as firms rushed to front-load purchases ahead of anticipated tariff hikes. In addition, domestic demand was subdued, with weaker contributions from both consumer spending and government consumption. This decoupling between the US and euro area economies is particularly striking given the current global focus on the US dollar. While the euro area has shown unexpected signs of resilience, the US downturn raises important questions about its underlying momentum, especially as trade dynamics and policy uncertainty continue to cloud the outlook.

250501Z2.jpg

**The US dollar versus yield differentials**
Chart 3 below illustrates a sharp breakdown in the correlation between the US-Germany 10-year yield differential and the EUR/USD exchange rate. Historically, the dollar has moved closely with interest rate spreads, as yield-seeking capital flowed into US assets. But since early 2025—and more acutely following the April tariff actions—the dollar has weakened markedly even as the yield spread has narrowed only modestly. This decoupling underscores a critical shift: capital markets are reacting not just to monetary policy, but to rising trade and geopolitical uncertainty. In other words, the exchange rate is now being driven as much by risk sentiment as by interest rate arbitrage.

250501Z3.jpg

**The US economy’s structural outperformance and the dollar**
A second dynamic, captured in the next chart, reveals a tight correlation between the US real effective exchange rate and the potential GDP growth differential between the US and euro area over the past 50-60 years. This raises the question: has dollar strength (until recently) merely been a reflection of US growth leadership—or are capital inflows themselves helping to sustain this growth outperformance? In effect, the tail may be wagging the dog. Global investors have long allocated capital to the US, attracted by its macroeconomic resilience, technological leadership, and deep, liquid financial markets. The danger now is that the US trade war may disrupt this equilibrium. A sharp or sustained reduction in capital inflows could undermine growth, weaken the dollar, and trigger broader financial instability. Moreover, reversing this dynamic is not straightforward—barring a credible structural resurgence in European (or Asian) growth, the global investment landscape remains tilted toward the US.

250501Z4.jpg

**US competitiveness versus Europe, China and Japan** 
The next chart below examines relative unit labour costs across major economies since 2011. The US and China have seen a broadly similar trajectory, with steady increases in relative cost structures, while the euro area has remained flat and Japan has seen dramatic improvement. This suggests that, from a cost competitiveness standpoint, the US is not uniquely disadvantaged vis-à-vis China. However, as we discuss further below, this parallel erosion of cost competitiveness is occurring at much higher nominal wage levels in the US, which blunts its ability to regain export share through tariff-related shifts alone. The trade war strategy—absent a corresponding improvement in productivity or structural reforms—risks imposing costs without delivering material competitiveness gains.

250501Z5.jpg

**Average wages in selected developed and developing economies**
This point is reinforced by the final chart, which shows estimates for average monthly wages across countries in 2024. US labour remains much more expensive than in peer or emerging economies. So even if China’s costs rise in tandem with the US, the global supply chain has ample alternatives. 'China plus one' strategies are accelerating, and the US remains structurally misaligned with low-cost production hubs. Tariffs aimed at reshoring supply chains are unlikely to deliver sustained gains unless accompanied by deep supply-side reforms, and risk further disincentivizing foreign direct investment if global firms perceive US trade policy as erratic or punitive.

250501Z6.jpg

Financial markets found a measure of calm this week, buoyed by some subtle shifts in tone from US policymakers. A softening in the administration’s rhetoric around trade tariffs coupled with a less confrontational stance toward Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, helped ease tensions that had roiled markets earlier in the month. Equities rebounded modestly, and volatility indicators edged lower, reflecting cautious optimism that the worst of the policy shocks may be behind us. But beneath the surface, significant downside risks persist. New shipping data point to a pronounced slowdown in US-China trade flows (chart 1), suggesting the damage from recent tariff escalations is already rippling through global supply chains. Meanwhile, incoming data for the US revealed an unexpected contraction in the economy in Q1 and further signs of weakness in the labour market (chart 2). The US dollar, in the meantime, while long supported by superior growth and yield differentials, has begun to decouple from traditional drivers (charts 3 and 4) suggesting growing pressure on capital flows. At the same time, structural imbalances are drawing renewed scrutiny: unit labour cost comparisons show the US steadily losing competitiveness (chart 5), while nominal wage disparities remain stark versus China and other Asian economies, further complicating any effort to restore trade balance without broader reforms (chart 6). In short, while markets may be drawing temporary comfort from a pause in tariff brinkmanship, the deeper economic and financial vulnerabilities exposed this month remain unresolved—and increasingly central to the global macro narrative.

<iframe style="border-radius:12px" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/3PzXXKrkHcwtOLipohEdnB?utm_source=generator" width="100%" height="152" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy"></iframe>

Charts of the Week: Tariff Truce, Tenuous Trust

250501F20.jpg

250501G20.jpg

U.S. light vehicle sales dropped 2.9% (+6.5% y/y) to 17.31 million units (SAAR) in April after surging 10.8% to 17.82 million units in March. The retreat in April vehicle sales accompanied a 1.7% y/y rise in real disposable income through March, which compared to 2.0% growth last year.

Sales declines were broad-based last month. Light truck sales fell 1.3% (+9.9% y/y) during April to 14.34 million units (SAAR), after rising 12.4% in March. Purchases of domestically-made light trucks declined 1.2% (+11.9% y/y) to 11.02 million units, after jumping 12.5% in March. Sales of imported light trucks fell 1.8% (+4.4% y/y) to 3.32 million units, following an 11.6% March surge.

Trucks’ record 82.8% share of the light vehicle market last month compared to 81.5% in March and 80.3% in April of last year. The share averaged 80.3% during all of 2024 versus 53.3% ten years earlier.

Auto sales also declined last month, down 9.5% (-7.5%) to 2.97 million units (SAAR) following a 3.5% March rise. The decline reversed all of the increase over the prior two months. Purchases of domestically-produced cars fell 9.8% (-4.3% y/y) last month to 2.22 million units, after rising 3.8% in March. Sales of imported autos declined 9.6% (-15.7% y/y) to 0.75 million units, following a 2.5% March increase.

Imports' 23.5% share of the U.S. light vehicle market was little changed from 23.6% in March and compared to a May 2023 low of 22.9% and a high of 26.3% in November of 2023. Imports' share of the passenger car market held steady at 25.3% last month and compared to 27.7% in April of last year. It reached a high of 38.7% in September 2021. Imports' share of the light truck market eased to 23.2% last month after falling to 23.3% in March.

U.S. vehicle sales figures can be found in Haver's **USECON** database. Additional detail by manufacturer is in the I**NDUSTRY** database.

250501H20.jpg

250501I20.jpg

- Light truck sales pull back, while auto sales tumble.
- Both domestic and imported sales decline.
- Imports' market share slips further.

U.S. Light Vehicle Sales Fall in April

250501J5.jpg

250501K5.jpg

The ISM Purchasing Managers Index of activity in the manufacturing sector slipped to 48.7 in April from 49.0 during March and 50.3 in February. It remained up from a low of 46.9 in October of last year. A level of 50 is the break-even point between a rising and falling level of activity. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected a reading of 47.8 for April. The series reached a monthly high of 63.8 in March 2021.

Two of the five component indexes weakened last month. The April production index fell to 44.0 after declining to 48.3 in March. It was the lowest level since May 2020. A lessened 19.8% (NSA) of respondents reported higher production while an increased 24.2% reported lower output. The inventories index declined to 50.8 last month from 53.4 in March. The index remained up from a low of 43.2 in October of last year.

Moving higher, the new orders index rose to 47.2 last month from 45.2 in March. The index remained below a January high of 55.1. Twenty-eight percent (NSA) of respondents reported higher new orders while 26.7% reported a decline. The employment index rose to 46.5 from 44.7 in March. It was below a high of 50.3 in January. A greater 13.1% (NSA) of respondents reported more hiring while a fewer 16.2% indicated less. The supplier delivery index rose to 55.2 from 53.5 in March. A higher 16.6% (NSA) of respondents reported slower delivery speeds while a fairly steady 6.2% reported a quickening.

The prices index, which is not part of the composite series, edged up to 69.8 (NSA) in April after increasing to 69.4 in March. It was the highest level since June 2022, up from a December 2022 low of 39.4. An increased 49.2% of respondents reported higher prices last month, up from 12.2% in November, while a higher 9.7% reported lower prices.

In other series, the export orders index plummeted to 43.1 in April from 49.6 during March. It was down from the high of 52.4 in January. The imports index fell sharply to 47.1 from 50.1 in March. It was the lowest reading since December 2023. The order backlog index dropped to 43.7 (NSA) last month from 44.5 in March. It was the lowest level in five months.

The ISM figures are based on responses from over 400 purchasing executives from 18 industries, which are weighted according to each industry’s contribution to GDP. These indexes are diffusion indexes where a reading above 50 indicates expansion and a reading below 50 points to contraction. The figures from the Institute for Supply Management can be found in Haver’s **USECON** database; further detail is found in the **SURVEYS** database. The expectations number is available in Haver’s **AS1REPNA** database.

250501L5.jpg

250501M5.jpg

- Declines in last three months follow earlier improvement.
- Production & inventories account for m/m shortfall.
- Prices index edges up to another three-year high.

U.S. ISM Manufacturing Index Indicates Contraction in April

Winnie Tapasanun

250501N.jpg

250501O.jpg

The value of construction put in place unexpectedly fell 0.5% m/m in March after rises of 0.6% in February (+0.7% initially) and 0.1% in January (-0.5% previously), data from the U.S. Census Bureau showed. The March reading was the first m/m fall following five straight m/m gains. A 0.3% m/m March rise had been expected in the Action Economics Forecast Survey. The year-on-year rate of increase decelerated to 2.8% in March, the lowest since May 2019, after registering at 3.4% in February and January. The latest y/y figure was lower than 8.7% in March 2024; thus, having remained below its recent high of 9.8% in January 2024 and a peak of 18.6% in April 2022.

Private construction slid 0.6% (+2.3% y/y) in March, down for the first time since September, following increases of 0.7% in February (+0.9% initially) and 0.1% in January (-0.7% previously). Residential private construction fell 0.4% (+2.8% y/y) in March, the first m/m fall in six months, after an unrevised 1.3% gain in February. Home improvement building dropped 1.2% (+13.4% y/y), the first m/m decline since December, following a 2.3% February gain; it was 41.1% of the residential private construction. Single-family building edged up 0.1% (-0.8% y/y), the smallest of seven consecutive m/m increases, after a 0.8% February rise; it was 46.6% of the residential private construction. Meanwhile, multi-family building was essentially unchanged m/m (-12.1% y/y) in March following 15 straight m/m decreases; it was 12.3% of the residential private construction.

Nonresidential private construction fell 0.8% (+1.6% y/y) in March after a 0.1% increase in February (+0.4% initially) and a 0.1% easing in January (-0.2% previously). The March fall reflected m/m drops in the following nonresidential private constructions. These included religious (-2.9%; +16.4% y/y), health care (-2.2%; -5.2% y/y), office (-1.8%; +2.7% y/y), educational (-1.7%; -4.2% y/y), lodging (-1.6%; -1.0% y/y), commercial (-1.0%; -5.8% y/y), manufacturing (-0.4%; +3.6% y/y), communication (-0.3%; +2.2% y/y), and utilities (-0.1%; +7.0% y/y). In contrast, private constructions for amusement & recreation (1.5%; 7.0% y/y) and transportation (0.7%; 10.2% y/y) rose m/m in March.

The value of public construction declined 0.2% (+4.7% y/y) in March after holding steady in February (+0.2% initially), reflecting a 0.2% increase (-1.9% y/y) in residential public construction and a 0.2% easing (+4.8% y/y) in nonresidential public construction. The March decline reflected m/m drops in the following nonresidential public constructions. These included utilities (-4.8%; -12.8% y/y), commercial (-1.6%; +40.3% y/y), amusement & recreation (-1.0%; +19.1% y/y), educational (-0.6%; +7.6% y/y), sewage & waste disposal (-0.6%; +10.6% y/y), and health care (-0.4%; +13.0% y/y). Notably, spending on highways & streets, which made up 28.7% of public construction spending, fell 0.5% (-2.4% y/y) in March, the first m/m fall since October, following a 0.9% increase in February. To the upside, the following public constructions rose m/m in March: office (1.6%; 6.0% y/y), transportation (1.4%; 7.3% y/y), public safety (0.7%; 4.1% y/y), conservation & development (0.6%; 4.7% y/y), and water supply (0.6%; 12.2% y/y).

The construction figures can be found in Haver's **USECON** database. The expectations figure is from the Action Economics Forecast Survey in **AS1REPNA**.

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- March construction spending -0.5% m/m; +2.8% y/y, the lowest y/y rate since May ’19.
- Residential private construction -0.4% m/m, led by a 1.2% drop in home improvement building.
- Nonresidential private construction -0.8% m/m, down for the second month in three.
- Public sector construction -0.2% m/m, reflecting a 0.2% decline in nonresidential public building.

U.S. Construction Spending Unexpectedly Drops in March, the First M/M Fall Since September

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Initial claims for unemployment insurance rose 18,000 in the week ended April 26 to 241,000, seasonally adjusted.  This is higher by 16,000 than the Action Economics Forecast Survey amount of 225,000 and is the largest amount since the week of February 22. The previous week’s actual count was revised up by 1,000 to 223,000, from 222,000 reported initially.

The total number of unemployment insurance beneficiaries – also known as “continuing claims” – in the week ended April 19 was 1.916 million, up 83,000 from the prior week’s 1.833 million; that earlier amount was revised down by 8,000.

The insured unemployment rate, that is, the number of beneficiaries as a percentage of covered employment, was 1.3% in the April 19 week, following 1.2% continuously since the week of January 6, 2024.

Economic conditions vary widely across states and territories.  In the week ended April 12, the highest unemployment rates were in New Jersey (2.39%), California (2.24%), Washington (2.19%), Rhode Island (2.17%) and Massachusetts (1.93%).  The lowest rates were in Florida (0.35%), South Dakota (0.40%), Alabama (0.41%), Virginia (0.45%) and Tennessee (0.48%).  Rates in other notable states include the Illinois (1.85%), New York (1.71%), Pennsylvania (1.54%) and Texas (1.09%). These state data are not seasonally adjusted.

Data on weekly unemployment claims are from the Department of Labor itself, not the Bureau of Labor Statistics. They begin in 1967 and are contained in Haver’s **WEEKLY** database and summarized monthly in U**SECON**. Data for individual states are in **REGIONW** back to December 1986. The expectations figure is from the Action Economics Forecast Survey in the **AS1REPNA** database.

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- Actual initial claims amount is 16,000 more than forecast.
- Total beneficiaries rose by 83,000.
- Insured unemployment rate ticked up to 1.3% after 15 months at 1.2%.

Economy in Brief: January 2006

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U.S. Consumer Sentiment Rose Further

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