Tom Moeller

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050201a.jpg" width="353">
Chain store sales fell 1.9% last week, the third decline this year according to the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)-UBS survey.
The decline lowered the average of sales in January to just 0.9% ahead of December.
During the last ten years there has been a 58% correlation between y/y change in chain store sales and the change in non-auto retail sales less gasoline, as published by the US Census Department.
The leading indicator of chain store sales from ICSC added 0.5% to the prior week&#39;s 1.1% (-0.7% y/y) jump.
The ICSC-UBS retail chain-store sales index is constructed using the same-store sales (stores open for one year) reported by 78 stores of seven retailers: Dayton Hudson, Federated, Kmart, May, J.C. Penney, Sears and Wal-Mart.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/surveyw/@S2/@S2.HTM">ICSC-UBS (SA, 1977=100)</a></th>
<th scope="col">01/29/05</th>
<th scope="col">01/22/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Total Weekly Chain Store Sales</td>
<td>436.0</td>
<td>444.3</td>
<td>2.5%</td>
<td>4.6%</td>
<td>2.9%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
ISM Factory Index Slipped 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> February 1, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050201b.jpg" width="353">
The Institute of Supply Management reported that its Composite Index of activity in the manufacturing sector slipped last month to 56.4, the lowest level since September 2003. Consensus expectations had been for 56.9 and new seasonal adjustment factors led to revisions of prior months&#39; levels.
During the last twenty years there has been a 69% correlation between the level of the Composite Index and the three month growth in factory sector industrial production.
The new orders component reversed all of the gains in the prior two months and fell 6.1 points to 56.5, the lowest level since June 2003. Conversely, the separate index of export orders ticked up 0.3 points to a near record high. A 2.4 point decline in the supplier delivery index additionally contributed to the composite index&#39;s drop.
Other composite index components rose with a 4.8 rise in the employment index recovering nearly all of recent months&#39; declines. During the last twenty years there has been a 69% correlation between the level of the ISM Employment Index and the three month growth in factory sector employment. Production recovered some of the prior three months&#39; decline and inventories were unchanged.
The prices paid index fell for the third straight month, down nineteen points from the high last April.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF02/@EF02.HTM">ISM Manufacturing Survey</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Jan &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Composite Index</td>
<td>56.4</td>
<td>57.3</td>
<td>62.8</td>
<td>60.5</td>
<td>53.3</td>
<td>52.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; New Orders Index</td>
<td>56.5</td>
<td>62.6</td>
<td>69.2</td>
<td>&nbsp;63.5</td>
<td>57.9</td>
<td>56.5</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid Index (NSA)</td>
<td>69.0</td>
<td>72.0</td>
<td>75.5</td>
<td>79.8</td>
<td>59.6</td>
<td>57.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
U.S. Construction Spending Jump Lifted Last Year's Gain To 8.8%  
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> February 1, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050201c.jpg" width="353">
The total value of construction put in place surged 1.1% in December following declines in prior months that were lessened. Consensus expectations had been for a 0.6% gain.The yearend jump lifted the y/y gain in spending to 8.8%, its strongest since 1996.
Private residential building activity recovered 0.7% following two months of decline to finish the year up 13.5%, the biggest gain in ten years. New single family building only rose 0.3% in December but the year&#39;s gain of 18.9% was the series&#39; largest.
Nonresidential building jumped 1.2% and rose to the highest level since early 2002 led by a 1.3% gain in office building (+2.9% y/y) and another pop (+2.3%) in multi-retail (27.2% y/y).
Public construction jumped 1.8% and the prior month&#39;s gain was revised up sharply. Spending on highways &amp; streets, nearly one third of the value of public construction spending, surged 3.2% (9.1% y/y) for the third consecutive month of strength.Educational spending also was strong for the second month, up 1.7% (8.5% y/y).
These more detailed categories represent the Census Bureau&#146;s reclassification of construction activity into end-use groups. Finer detail is available for many of the categories; for instance, commercial construction is shown for Automotive sales and parking facilities, drugstores, building supply stores, and both commercial warehouses and mini-storage facilities. Note that start dates vary for some seasonally adjusted line items in 2000 and 2002 and that constant-dollar data are no longer computed.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E907/@E90701/@E90701.HTM">Construction Put-in-place</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
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</thead>
<tbody>
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<td class="firstcol">Total</td>
<td>1.1%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>8.7%</td>
<td>8.8%</td>
<td>5.1%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Private</td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>-0.2%</td>
<td>8.5%</td>
<td>10.4%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>-0.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Residential</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>-0.1%</td>
<td>9.5%</td>
<td>13.5%</td>
<td>13.1%</td>
<td>8.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Nonresidential</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>-0.7%</td>
<td>6.3%</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>-7.1%</td>
<td>-12.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Public</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
<td>2.3%</td>
<td>9.4%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>7.0%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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Chain store sales fell 1.9% last week, the third decline this year according to the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)-UBS survey. The decline lowered the average of sales in January to just 0.9% ahead of December. [...]

Chain Store Sales Fell Hard

Louise Curley

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131e.jpg" width="353">
Pessimism continues to outweigh optimism among business and consumers in the Euro Zone.The excess of consumers who were pessimistic over those who were optimistic remained at 13% in January, unchanged from December. In the business sector, the excess of pessimists in the industrial increased from 4% to 5% from December to January and in the construction industry from 13% to 14%. In the retail sector, the excess of pessimists declined from 7% to 6%. The only area where optimists outweigh pessimists is in the service sector where the excess of optimists over pessimists increased from 10% in December to 13% in January. The first chart compares of consumer confidence with industrial business confidence.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131f.jpg" width="353">
Sluggish growth in the EuroZone economy has no doubt played a large role in the malaise evident among consumers and business. A relatively new indicator of EuroZone growth, EuroCOIN, is not encouraging.EuroCOIN is a coincident indicator of the euro area business cycle. It was launched in 2002 by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a London based coordinator of research conducted by academics from Europe and the U. S. and financed by a variety of central banks, commercial banks and corporations.EuroCOIN is a monthly estimate of the cyclical components of GDP. It tends to signal the underlying direction of the Euro Zone economy. The December value of the indicator was .427, a decline of .032 from November, suggesting little growth for the 4th quarter Euro GDP. The second chart shows the EuroCOIN indicator and the quarterly growth of real GDP.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol">Percent Balance</th>
<th scope="col">Jan 05</th>
<th scope="col">Dec&nbsp;04</th>
<th scope="col">Jan 04</th>
<th scope="col">M/M Dif</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y Dif</th>
<th scope="col">&nbsp;2004&nbsp;&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">&nbsp;2003</th>
<th scope="col">&nbsp; 2002&nbsp; &nbsp;</th>
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<td class="firstcol">Consumer confidence</td>
<td>-13</td>
<td>-13</td>
<td>-15</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>-14</td>
<td>-18</td>
<td>-11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Business confidence</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Industrial</td>
<td>-5</td>
<td>-4</td>
<td>-7</td>
<td>-1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>-5</td>
<td>-10</td>
<td>-11&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Construction</td>
<td>-14</td>
<td>-13</td>
<td>-18</td>
<td>-1</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>-16</td>
<td>-20</td>
<td>-19</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Retail</td>
<td>-6</td>
<td>-7</td>
<td>-8</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>-8</td>
<td>-12</td>
<td>-17</td>
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<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Service&nbsp;</td>
<td>13</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>11</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>Dec 04</td>
<td>Nov&nbsp;04</td>
<td>Dec 04</td>
<td>M/M Dif</td>
<td>Y/Y Dif</td>
<td>&nbsp;2004&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;2003</td>
<td>&nbsp; 2002&nbsp; &nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">EuroCOIN</td>
<td>0.427</td>
<td>0.459</td>
<td>0.648</td>
<td>-0.032</td>
<td>-0.221</td>
<td>0.511</td>
<td>0.527</td>
<td>0.463</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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Pessimism continues to outweigh optimism among business and consumers in the Euro Zone.The excess of consumers who were pessimistic over those who were optimistic remained at 13% in January, unchanged from December. In the business [...]

Euro Zone Confidence Shows Little Signs of Improvement and EuroCOIN Points to Slow Growth in 4th Quarter GDP

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131g.jpg" width="353">
Sales of new single-family homes improved modestly in December to 1.098M but sales in November were revised down sharply. Consensus estimates had been for sales of 1.200M. For the full year new home sales were a record 1.178M, up 8.1% from 2003.
The figures from the Census Department reflect homes sold as opposed to the figures on existing home sales from the National Association of Realtors which reflect closings of sales in earlier months. 
Home sales were mixed throughout the country. In the Northeast sales fell to the lowest level since July but for the year were the highest since 1998. In the South sales also fell sharply to the lowest since July yet set a record for the year, adding 6.0% to the 13.8% gain in 2003. In the Midwest sales recovered nearly all of the prior month&#39;s plunge to finish the year up 10.8% at a record level. In the West, sales in December recovered some of the prior month&#39;s plunge to finish out a record year where sales rose 11.4% y/y and were more than double the levels of the early 1990s.
The median price of a new single family home recovered more than half of the prior month&#39;s decline. Rising to $222,000 (13.3% y/y), the annual gain in new home prices was the strongest since 1987.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E904/@E90401/@E90401.HTM">Homes Sales (000s, AR)</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
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<td class="firstcol">New Single-Family</td>
<td>1,098</td>
<td>1,097</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
<td>1,178</td>
<td>1,089</td>
<td>976</td>
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</tbody>
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Sales of new single-family homes improved modestly in December to 1.098M but sales in November were revised down sharply. Consensus estimates had been for sales of 1.200M. For the full year new home sales were a record 1.178M, up 8.1% [...]

New Home Sales A Record in 2004

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131d.jpg" width="353">
The Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer improved to 62.4 in January from an upwardly revised reading the month prior. Consensus expectations had been for a decline to 59.0.
During the last ten years there has been a 73% correlation between the level of the Chicago Business Barometer and the three month change in factory sector industrial output. That correlation has risen to 86% during the last five years.
The employment index recovered 1.7 points to 52.8 following a 7.8 point drop in December which was less than initially indicated. During the last twenty years there has been an 80% correlation between the level of this employment index and the three month change in factory sector employment. The new orders index also rose as did production but both series are below the autumn highs.
The index of prices paid fell sharply for the second month. During the last ten years there has been an 88% correlation between the Chicago price index and the three month change in the &quot;core&quot; intermediate goods PPI.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF05/@EF05.HTM">Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, SA</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Jan&nbsp;&#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
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<td class="firstcol">Business Barometer</td>
<td>62.4</td>
<td>61.9</td>
<td>64.5</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>54.7</td>
<td>52.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; New Orders</td>
<td>65.8</td>
<td>64.9</td>
<td>68.8</td>
<td>67.0</td>
<td>58.0</td>
<td>56.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid</td>
<td>76.5</td>
<td>84.4</td>
<td>67.8</td>
<td>80.1</td>
<td>55.8</td>
<td>56.9</td>
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The Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer improved to 62.4 in January from an upwardly revised reading the month prior. Consensus expectations had been for a decline to 59.0. During the last ten years there has been a 73% [...]

Chicago Purchasing Agents' Index Improved

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131c.jpg" width="353">
The National Index of Help-Wanted Advertising published by the Conference Board recovered to 38 in December, the highest level since June. For the full year the index averaged 38 which was the same as in 2003 but was below the 44 averaged in 2002.
During the last ten years there has been an 88% correlation between the level of help-wanted advertising and the year-to-year change in non-farm payrolls.
The proportion of labor markets with rising want-ad volume improved to 67% following the sharp drop the month prior to 37%.
The Conference Board surveys help-wanted advertising volume in 51 major newspapers across the country every month.
The latest report from the Conference Board is available <a href="http://www.conference-board.org/economics/helpwanted.cfm">here</a>.

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/CBDB/@C3/@C3.HTM">Conference Board</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Dec &#39;03</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
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<td class="firstcol">National Help Wanted Index</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>38</td>
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</tbody>
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The National Index of Help-Wanted Advertising published by the Conference Board recovered to 38 in December, the highest level since June. For the full year the index averaged 38 which was the same as in 2003 but was below the 44 [...]

Help-Wanted Advertising Recovered

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131b.jpg" width="353">
Personal income surged a record 3.7% last month due to a $24.8B boost from Microsoft&#39;s payment of a $32B stock dividend. Consensus expectations had been for a 3.3% gain. Excluding the dividend effect, personal income rose 0.6%. Income for all of last year grew 5.4%, the most since an 8.0% gain in 2000.
Wage &amp; salary income grew 0.4% (5.1% y/y) in December and for the year logged a 4.7% increase, also the strongest since 2000 when it rose 8.1%. Factory sector wages gained 0.4% (1.6% y/y) with the year&#39;s gain pegged at 2.1% following two years of decline.
Personal disposable income gained 4.0% (8.9% y/y) and the 5.7% rise for the full year was the strongest since a 7.5% gain in 2000. Adjusted for inflation, disposable income gained 3.4% last year.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131a.jpg" width="353">
Personal consumption rose an expected 0.8% in December driven by a 12.3% m/m gain in unit sales of motor vehicles. The 6.1% rise in total PCE for the full year was just behind the next strongest year&#39;s gain of 7.3% in 2000. Spending on nondurables was unchanged in December (8.5% y/y), held back by a 7.0% decline in gasoline prices and services spending rose 0.5% (5.6% y/y).
The PCE chain price index declined by 0.1%, the second monthly decline of 2004. Less food &amp; energy prices also dipped slightly for the first time in over a year (+1.5% y/y).

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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E7/@E711/@E71102/@E71102.HTM">Disposition of Personal Income</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
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</thead>
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<td class="firstcol">Personal Income</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>8.6%</td>
<td>5.4%</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Personal Consumption</td>
<td>0.8%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>6.4%</td>
<td>6.1%</td>
<td>5.2%</td>
<td>4.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Savings Rate</td>
<td>3.4%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>1.0%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">PCE Chain Price Index</td>
<td>-0.1%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.2%</td>
<td>1.9%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Less food &amp; energy</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.3%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Personal income surged a record 3.7% last month due to a $24.8B boost from Microsoft's payment of a $32B stock dividend. Consensus expectations had been for a 3.3% gain. Excluding the dividend effect, personal income rose 0.6%. Income [...]

Record Gain in U.S. Personal Income Fueled Spending

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131b.jpg" width="353">
Personal income surged a record 3.7% last month due to a $24.8B boost from Microsoft&#39;s payment of a $32B stock dividend. Consensus expectations had been for a 3.3% gain. Excluding the dividend effect, personal income rose 0.6%. Income for all of last year grew 5.4%, the most since an 8.0% gain in 2000.
Wage &amp; salary income grew 0.4% (5.1% y/y) in December and for the year logged a 4.7% increase, also the strongest since 2000 when it rose 8.1%. Factory sector wages gained 0.4% (1.6% y/y) with the year&#39;s gain pegged at 2.1% following two years of decline.
Personal disposable income gained 4.0% (8.9% y/y) and the 5.7% rise for the full year was the strongest since a 7.5% gain in 2000. Adjusted for inflation, disposable income gained 3.4% last year.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131a.jpg" width="353">
Personal consumption rose an expected 0.8% in December driven by a 12.3% m/m gain in unit sales of motor vehicles. The 6.1% rise in total PCE for the full year was just behind the next strongest year&#39;s gain of 7.3% in 2000. Spending on nondurables was unchanged in December (8.5% y/y), held back by a 7.0% decline in gasoline prices and services spending rose 0.5% (5.6% y/y).
The PCE chain price index declined by 0.1%, the second monthly decline of 2004. Less food &amp; energy prices also dipped slightly for the first time in over a year (+1.5% y/y).

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E7/@E711/@E71102/@E71102.HTM">Disposition of Personal Income</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Personal Income</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>8.6%</td>
<td>5.4%</td>
<td>3.2%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Personal Consumption</td>
<td>0.8%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
<td>6.4%</td>
<td>6.1%</td>
<td>5.2%</td>
<td>4.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Savings Rate</td>
<td>3.4%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>1.0%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">PCE Chain Price Index</td>
<td>-0.1%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.2%</td>
<td>1.9%</td>
<td>1.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Less food &amp; energy</td>
<td>-0.0%</td>
<td>0.2%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>1.3%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Help-Wanted Advertising Recovered 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> January 31, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131b.jpg" width="353">
The National Index of Help-Wanted Advertising published by the Conference Board recovered to 38 in December, the highest level since June. For the full year the index averaged 38 which was the same as in 2003 but was below the 44 averaged in 2002.
During the last ten years there has been an 88% correlation between the level of help-wanted advertising and the year-to-year change in non-farm payrolls.
The proportion of labor markets with rising want-ad volume improved to 67% following the sharp drop the month prior to 37%.
The Conference Board surveys help-wanted advertising volume in 51 major newspapers across the country every month.
The latest report from the Conference Board is available <a href="http://www.conference-board.org/economics/helpwanted.cfm">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/CBDB/@C3/@C3.HTM">Conference Board</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Dec &#39;03</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">National Help Wanted Index</td>
<td>38</td>
<td>36</td>
<td>38</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Chicago Purchasing Agents' Index Improved 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> January 31, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131c.jpg" width="353">
The Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer improved to 62.4 in January from an upwardly revised reading the month prior. Consensus expectations had been for a decline to 59.0.
During the last ten years there has been a 73% correlation between the level of the Chicago Business Barometer and the three month change in factory sector industrial output. That correlation has risen to 86% during the last five years.
The employment index recovered 1.7 points to 52.8 following a 7.8 point drop in December which was less than initially indicated. During the last twenty years there has been an 80% correlation between the level of this employment index and the three month change in factory sector employment. The new orders index also rose as did production but both series are below the autumn highs.
The index of prices paid fell sharply for the second month. During the last ten years there has been an 88% correlation between the Chicago price index and the three month change in the &quot;core&quot; intermediate goods PPI.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF05/@EF05.HTM">Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, SA</a></th>
<th scope="col">Jan</th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Jan&nbsp;&#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Business Barometer</td>
<td>62.4</td>
<td>61.9</td>
<td>64.5</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>54.7</td>
<td>52.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; New Orders</td>
<td>65.8</td>
<td>64.9</td>
<td>68.8</td>
<td>67.0</td>
<td>58.0</td>
<td>56.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid</td>
<td>76.5</td>
<td>84.4</td>
<td>67.8</td>
<td>80.1</td>
<td>55.8</td>
<td>56.9</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
New Home Sales A Record in 2004 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> January 31, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050131g.jpg" width="353">
Sales of new single-family homes improved modestly in December to 1.098M but sales in November were revised down sharply. Consensus estimates had been for sales of 1.200M. For the full year new home sales were a record 1.178M, up 8.1% from 2003.
The figures from the Census Department reflect homes sold as opposed to the figures on existing home sales from the National Association of Realtors which reflect closings of sales in earlier months. 
Home sales were mixed throughout the country. In the Northeast sales fell to the lowest level since July but for the year were the highest since 1998. In the South sales also fell sharply to the lowest since July yet set a record for the year, adding 6.0% to the 13.8% gain in 2003. In the Midwest sales recovered nearly all of the prior month&#39;s plunge to finish the year up 10.8% at a record level. In the West, sales in December recovered some of the prior month&#39;s plunge to finish out a record year where sales rose 11.4% y/y and were more than double the levels of the early 1990s.
The median price of a new single family home recovered more than half of the prior month&#39;s decline. Rising to $222,000 (13.3% y/y), the annual gain in new home prices was the strongest since 1987.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E9/@E904/@E90401/@E90401.HTM">Homes Sales (000s, AR)</a></th>
<th scope="col">Dec</th>
<th scope="col">Nov</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">New Single-Family</td>
<td>1,098</td>
<td>1,097</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
<td>1,178</td>
<td>1,089</td>
<td>976</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Carol Stone, CBE

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050128e.jpg" width="353">
Korean industrial production dipped in December, with the total down 1.9% and the manufacturing sector off 2.1%, according to industry data reported Friday by the National Statistics Office. Nonetheless, for 2004, factory output surged by 10.5%, the strongest since the technology boom peaked in 2000.
In examining these production data, we are impressed by two aspects, both trade related. The first is the sharp recovery following the currency crisis in 1997. Industrial output leaped ahead in 1999, by 24%, and again in 2000, by 17%. As we suggested above, this was perhaps related to the tech boom and the preparation for the Y2K calendar event. In addition, though, as evident in the accompanying graphs and the table below, a big, new market opened up for Korean products, China.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050128g.jpg" width="353">
Korea&#39;s exports to China were $4.4 billion in November (latest available), some $836 million larger than those to the United States. The emergence of China as a trading partner for Korea has been rapid. Shipments to China surpassed those to the US only in July 2003. But shipments from Korea into other major markets remained larger than to China until very recently as well. Exports to Taiwan, Singapore, Germany and the UK were larger until 1992. Shipments to Hong Kong, until 1996 and to Japan until early 2001. Thus, China&#39;s share of Korea&#39;s exports -- and therefore its importance to Korean industry -- was well down the list of major customer markets. Now it is the number one importer of Korean goods, by about 20% over the United States. And China&#39;s business probably helped Korean industry grow in 2002 and 2003 when shipments to the US were still somewhat sluggish.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">South Korea: IP related to Exports</th>
<th scope="col">Dec 2004</th>
<th scope="col">Nov 2004</th>
<th scope="col">Year Ago</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
<th scope="col">2001</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Industrial Production - Total (% Chg)</td>
<td>-1.9</td>
<td>2.1</td>
<td>4.5</td>
<td>10.1</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>8.1</td>
<td>0.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">IP - Manufacturing (% Chg)</td>
<td>-2.1</td>
<td>2.2</td>
<td>4.6</td>
<td>10.5</td>
<td>5.1</td>
<td>8.2</td>
<td>0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total Exports of Goods (Mil.$)</td>
<td>22,993</td>
<td>22,630</td>
<td>17,706</td>
<td>21,118*</td>
<td>16,153</td>
<td>13,539</td>
<td>12,537</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Exports to US (Mil.$)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>3,558</td>
<td>3,014</td>
<td>3,575*</td>
<td>2,852</td>
<td>2,732</td>
<td>2,601</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Exports to China (Mil.$)</td>
<td>NA</td>
<td>4,394</td>
<td>3,397</td>
<td>4,124*</td>
<td>2,926</td>
<td>1,979</td>
<td>1,516</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Korean industrial production dipped in December, with the total down 1.9% and the manufacturing sector off 2.1%, according to industry data reported Friday by the National Statistics Office. Nonetheless, for 2004, factory output [...]

Exports Boost Korean Industry

PMIs showing widespread revival of global economy

Crude oil price has returned to pre-conflict level but traffic through Hormuz still subpar

Surging orders for computers and electronics propelling durable goods orders

Next year's inflation forecasts are on the rise and above target

Disrupted global supply chains placing upward pressure on US goods prices

Construction of data centers has overtaken transportation construction in US

Elevated energy prices putting intense upward pressure on input prices around the globe

US is big leader in global surge in private AI investment

Larger-than-usual income tax refunds this year are supporting consumer spending

Sharply rising share of AI-related jobs

Inflationary impact of surge in oil prices larger in Europe than in the US

Futures market thinks the price of oil will recede significantly over the next six months

Recent pickup in US defense orders could help support overall growth ahead

Cost of transporting crude oil has soared to series high

Market-based inflation expectations have not yet reflected recent surge in oil prices

Global equity markets are fearing a major economic disruption from soaring oil prices

Is recent drop in sentiment signaling softer growth ahead?

With the Iran conflict, geopolitical risk has soared to alarming levels

Soaring AI-related investment in US underpinning strong contribution of business spending to overall growth

AI-related outperformance of IP in Advanced Asia ex Japan

Resilient US economy pushing up Blue Chip 2026 outlook

US and China big leaders in adoption of AI models

Robust US demand for advanced technology products

China's export growth rotating away from the US

More pronounced upward revisions in countries more exposed to AI investment

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Winnie Tapasanun

260709F57.jpg

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Existing home sales unexpectedly fell 2.4% m/m (+2.8% y/y) to 4.09 million units (SAAR) in June, the first monthly decline since March, following an upwardly revised 3.7% increase to 4.19 million in May (previously +3.2%; 4.17 mil.), according to the National Association of Realtors (NAR). The Action Economics Forecast Survey had expected June sales of 4.20 million units. Sales remained 36.4% below a high of 6.43 million in January 2022 and 38.0% below a peak of 6.60 million in January 2021. The June decline coincided with a rise in the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate to 6.49% in June, the highest since August 2025, after increasing to 6.44% in May, according to Freddie Mac. The sales figures are based on closings of sales contracts signed over the past couple of months.

Existing single-family home sales fell 2.4% (+3.3% y/y) to 3.73 million units in June, the first m/m fall in three months, following a 4.1% gain to 3.82 million in May, remaining 34.6% below a high of 5.70 million in January 2022. Sales of condos and co-ops decreased 2.7% (-2.7% y/y) to 360,000 in June, the lowest level since May 2025, after being unchanged m/m for the third successive month at 370,000, remaining 50.7% below a high of 730,000 in January 2022.

Regionally, June existing home sales declined m/m in all regions except the Northeast. Sales in the South dropped 3.6% (+3.8% y/y) to 1.89 million in June, a three-month low, after a 3.2% rise in May, and sales in the Midwest slid 3.0% (+2.1% y/y) to 980,000 following a 7.4% May advance; both posted the first m/m decrease in three months. Sales in the West fell 1.3% (+2.8% y/y) to 740,000, the lowest level since January, after being flat m/m at 750,000 in May. In contrast, sales in the Northeast increased 2.1% (0.0% y/y) to 480,000 after a 4.4% May gain. Notably, the South remained the dominant region, accounting for 46.2% of total U.S. existing home sales.

The median price of all existing homes (NSA) rose 2.2% (1.8% y/y) to $440,600 in June, the fifth consecutive m/m rise, on top of an upwardly revised 3.3% increase to $431,200 in May ($429,300 previously). Prices were 22.1% above a low of $360,800 in January 2023. The median price of an existing single-family home climbed 2.3% (1.8% y/y) to $446,400 in June, the fifth straight m/m increase, after a 3.4% advance to $436,400 in May. The median price of condos and co-ops, up for the sixth time in seven months, grew 0.6% (1.6% y/y) to $380,000 following a 1.0% May gain to $377,800. Regionally, overall prices rose m/m and y/y in June in the Northeast (+5.6%; +3.9% y/y), Midwest (+2.1%; +2.7% y/y), South (+1.0%; +0.9% y/y), and West (+0.8%; +0.9% y/y). All these price series were at their record highs.

Inventories of homes for sale fell m/m in June for the first time since December. The number of existing homes for sale (NSA) declined 0.6% (+1.3% y/y) to 1.56 million units following an upwardly revised 4.7% May rise to 1.57 million (the highest level since November 2019). The supply of homes on the market at the current selling rate (NSA) increased to 4.6 months in June from 4.5 months in May and April, matching the highest level since August 2025. A record low in supply of 1.6 months was in January 2022.

The data on existing home sales, prices and affordability are compiled by the National Association of Realtors. The data on single-family home sales extend back to February 1968. Total sales and price data and regional sales can be found in Haver's **USECON** database. Regional price and affordability data and national inventory data are available in the **REALTOR** database. Mortgage interest rates can be found in the **WEEKLY** database. The expectations figure is from the Action Economics Forecast Survey, reported in the **AS1REPNA** database.

260709H57.jpg

260709I57.jpg

- June sales -2.4% m/m to 4.09 mil., first drop in three mths.; +2.8% y/y, third straight y/y rise.
- Sales m/m down in the South (-3.6%), Midwest (-3.0%), and West (-1.3%); up in the Northeast (+2.1%).
- Sales y/y up in all regions except the Northeast w/ a flat reading.
- Median sales price +2.2% (+1.8% y/y) to $440,600, a record high.
- Unsold inventory -0.6% (+1.3% y/y) to 1.56 mil. units, first m/m decline since Dec.; 4.6 months' supply, highest since Aug. ’25.

U.S. Existing Home Sales Unexpectedly Fall in June from a Five-Month High

Kathleen Stephansen, CBE

260709A1.jpg

260709B1.jpg

Initial claims for unemployment insurance declined 2,000 to 215,000 in the week ending July 4, from 217,000 in the week ending June 27, revised from 215,000. The four-week average was 218,750 in the July 4 week, down from 222,500 in the week ending June 27. The Action Economics/Haver Analytics Survey looked for 218,000 claims to have been filed. 

The total number of unemployment insurance beneficiaries—also known as “continuing claims”—rose by 8,000 to 1.814 million in the week ending June 27, from 1.806 million in the week ending June 20, revised from 1.814 million. The four-week moving average rose to 1.808 million in the June 27 week from 1.801 million in the June 20 week. The insured unemployment rate was unchanged at 1.2% in the week of June 27. Except for a one-week dip to 1.1% in the week of April 25, the insured unemployment rate has been at 1.2% since the week of November 29, 2025.

The insured unemployment rate varied greatly across individual states and territories. In the week ending June 20, the highest unemployment rates were in Washington (2.03%), New Jersey (2.11%), Minnesota (2.15%), and Puerto Rico (2.45%). The lowest rates were in South Dakota (0.28%), Florida (0.35%), Alabama and North Carolina (both 0.41%), Louisiana (0.42%), and Arkansas (0.49%). Rates in other notable states include California (1.88%), Pennsylvania (1.63%), Illinois (1.58%), New York (1.52%), and Texas (1.12%). These state data are not seasonally adjusted.

Data on weekly unemployment claims are from the Department of Labor itself, not the Bureau of Labor Statistics. They begin in 1967 and are contained in Haver’s **WEEKLY** database and summarized monthly in **USECON**. Data for individual states are in **REGIONW** back to December 1986.

260709C1.jpg

260709D1.jpg

- New claims declined by 2,000 to 215,000 in the week ending July 4.
- Continuing claims rose by 8,000 to 1.814 million in the week ending June 27.
- The insured unemployment rate was unchanged at 1.2% in the week of June 27.

U.S. Initial Unemployment Claims Declined in the Week of July 4

Robert Brusca

260709E.jpg

The German trade surplus surged in May to €19.1 billion from €14.7 billion in April. Exports rose by 0.9% in May while imports fell by 2.5%, creating a jump in the surplus month-to-month. In April, exports increased by 0.8% while imports rose by 1.1%.

Details on exports and imports lag by one month. In April, exports for motor vehicles and consumer goods declined, while exports of capital goods and other exports rose. On the import side, there were increases in imports ranging from 2.8% to 4.3% month-to-month across capital goods, motor vehicles, and consumer goods, but for the catch-all category ‘other’ imports fell by 2.7% month-to-month.

Flows adjusted for inflation showed an increase in exports of 0.4% in May while real imports fell by 3.3%. In April, real exports were flat while real imports fell by 0.2%.

The sequential behavior of real exports and real imports show independent activity. Imports log a clear weakening, rising 0.1% over 12 months, falling at a 5% annual rate over six months, and then falling at a 10.3% annual rate over three months. On the export side, real exports rose by 2.6% over 12 months, accelerated to a 7.2% annual rate over six months, but over three months have pulled back and fallen at a 1.6% annual rate. However, export growth still exceeds import growth over each of these horizons: 12 months, six months, and three months.

Trade trends paint a darkening picture of the German economy, with imports weak in real terms and trending even weaker, while activity on the export side of the equation pops over 12 months and six months but takes a hit over three months.

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The situation in the Strait of Hormuz continues to muddy the waters for the future. Passage through the strait has been sharply stopped, stabilized, revived, and now is back to being destabilized. That makes the strait a major uncertainty zone; it's hard to tell how these effects are going to play out over the coming months for German trade results and everyone else's. The deterioration of conditions in the Strait of Hormuz is now unknowable because Iran has decided to start shooting at ships, further destabilizing the outlook.

Germany

German Trades Surplus Balloons

Andrew Cates

**Growth Surprises Continue to Underpin Equity Resilience**
Global equity markets have proved remarkably resilient in recent weeks, shrugging off intermittent bouts of geopolitical and policy uncertainty to grind higher. Chart 1 below helps explain why: it tracks the relationship between global growth-versus-inflation surprises and world equity markets, and on that measure the recent run of global growth data has continued to surprise on the upside relative to inflation outturns — a combination that has historically been supportive for risk assets. Whether that resilience persists will depend on whether the growth-surprise advantage evident in the chart below can be sustained in the face of the inflationary pressures explored below.

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**PMIs Confirm a Broadly Solid Global Expansion**
This week's final composite PMI readings for June reinforced the broader impression of resilient global growth. As chart 2 below shows, most major economies posted readings comfortably in expansionary territory, with India continuing to lead the pack and the US not far behind. Even the laggards in the sample are hovering close to the expansion threshold rather than falling decisively below it, suggesting stabilisation rather than outright contraction (and with the UK a notable exception).

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**Inflation Surprises Are Creeping Back, and Bond Yields Are Taking Notice**
The US growth picture painted by Haver's surprise indices broadly echoes the message from the global PMI data. Chart 3 below shows the combined growth-and-inflation surprise index drifting higher this week, and closer inspection suggests growth is doing most of that work, with activity data continuing to outperform expectations. That is, on the face of it, good news. But it has not stopped bond markets from taking notice: short-dated Treasury yields have remained elevated in recent weeks, as stronger growth keeps alive the possibility that the Federal Reserve holds rates higher for longer or even lifts them in coming weeks.

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**Supply Chains Are Tightening** 
Latest data show that global supply chain pressures tightened by less in June than they had the month before, likely reflecting the easing of Middle East tensions through much of the period. Chart 4 below shows that pressures troughed in the middle of last year and have been building gradually since, though June's slower pace of tightening suggests that easing had started to feed through. Still, today's flare-up threatens to undo that improvement, particularly if it affects shipping routes or energy flows through the region once again.

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**Extreme Weather: An Old Supply-Side Risk Returns**
Geopolitics is not the only source of supply-side risk currently in play. Large parts of Europe have been gripped this week by another intense and prolonged heatwave, with temperatures in several major cities running well above seasonal norms. Extreme heat of this kind carries real economic costs: it depresses labour productivity, particularly in outdoor and manufacturing-adjacent sectors, strains electricity grids as air-conditioning demand spikes, and can disrupt agricultural output and river-based transport when water levels fall. Episodes like this have become more frequent in recent years, and while any single heatwave rarely shifts the macro picture on its own, the cumulative effect of more frequent and more severe weather events could start showing up in productivity and inflation data across the advanced economies. It is a reminder that the supply side of the global economy faces structural as well as cyclical challenges, and that climate-related disruption deserves a permanent place alongside geopolitics and demographics in any assessment of medium-term inflation risk.

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**AI Investment: The Other Side of the Supply Equation**
Set against these supply-side headwinds is a genuinely positive structural development: the extraordinary scale of private investment now flowing into artificial intelligence. Chart 6 below shows just how sharply that investment has grown in recent years, reaching a fresh high last year. If even a fraction of that investment translates into genuine productivity gains, it could provide a meaningful long-run offset to the energy, climate and geopolitical constraints highlighted elsewhere in this week's charts. The scale of the bet now being placed on AI is large enough that it is beginning to show up in aggregate investment and capital expenditure data across the advanced economies, and it is likely to remain one of the defining structural themes shaping the global growth outlook over the remainder of this decade.

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Global markets head into this week’s closing stages digesting a mixed set of signals. Last week's US non-farm payrolls report undershot expectations, adding to questions about the durability of the US labour market even as broader activity data have continued to hold up well. Compounding that picture, news broke today of renewed instability in the Middle East, reintroducing a geopolitical risk premium into markets just as investors had begun to look past it. Global equity markets have nonetheless remained resilient, continuing to track the broadly encouraging tone of incoming activity data (chart 1). That resilience was reinforced by a solid set of global PMIs across most major economies over the past few days (chart 2). Haver's surprise indices tell a similar story of positive growth momentum in the US, but with an important caveat: incoming inflation data have also been surprising to the upside, driven largely by higher oil prices (chart 3). These inflation risks could persist moreover, as global supply chain pressures have picked up in recent months and today's flare-up in the Middle East threatens to add further strain (chart 4). The world economy remains vulnerable to other supply-side shocks too, such as the extreme heat gripping much of Europe this week (chart 5). Still, on the other side of the ledger the enormous scale of investment now flowing into artificial intelligence could be a genuine source of supply-side potential (chart 6).

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Charts of the Week: Growth Holds Firm

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Mortgage applications dropped 2.2% w/w (-5.4% y/y) in the week ending July 3, following no change in the week ending June 26, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey. Applications for loans to purchase a house edged down 0.6% w/w (-6.3% y/y) in the latest week, after rising 0.5% w/w (3.2% y/y) in the June 26 week.  Applications for loan refinancing dropped 4.1% w/w (-4.2% y/y) in the week ending July 3, after declining 0.7% w/w (+9.1% y/y) in the June 26 week.

The effective interest rate on a 30-year fixed-rate loan rose 1bp to 6.77% in the week ending July 3 from 6.76% in the week ending June 26. The rate on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages edged down 2bps to 6.17% in the July 3 week from 6.19% in the June 26 week. The 30-year Jumbo rate edged down 1bp to 6.62% in the latest week from 6.63% in the June 26 week. The rate on a 5-year ARM rose 5bps to 6.19% in the July 3 week from 6.14% in the June 26 week.

The share of applications for refinancing an existing loan declined to 40.6% of total applications in the week of July 3 from 41.4% in the June 26 week. The adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) share of activity edged up to 7.8% in the July 3 week from 7.6% in the June 26 week.

The average size of a mortgage declined 0.4% w/w (+1.3% y/y) to $391,500 in the week ending July 3, after rising 1.1% w/w (0.4% y/y) to $393,200 in the week ending June 26. The average size of a purchase loan declined 1.0% w/w (+4.3% y/y) to $451,000 in the latest week, after rising 1.2% w/w (2.7% y/y) to $455,600 in the June 26 week. The average size of a loan to refinance a mortgage edged down 0.1% w/w (-3.9% y/y) to $304,600 in the week ending July 3, after rising 0.5% w/w (-2.8% y/y) to $304,900 in the June 26 week.

The Mortgage Bankers Association Survey covers 75% of all U.S. retail residential mortgage applications and has been conducted weekly since 1990. Respondents include mortgage bankers, commercial banks and thrifts. The base period and value for all indexes is March 16, 1990=100. The figures for weekly mortgage applications and interest rates are available in Haver’s **SURVEYS** database.

- Both applications for loans to purchase and applications for loan refinancing declined in the latest week.
- Interest rate on 30-year fixed-rate loans rose 1bp to 6.77%. 
- Average loan size edged down.

Economy in Brief

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