Tom Moeller

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831c.jpg" width="353">
The total number of mortgage applications fell 4.5% last week and continued the recent decline which has pulled applications 18.5% below the recent peak in early June, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.
Purchase applications fell 3.6% on the heels of a 2.2% decline the week prior. The average level in August is off 1.3% from July. During the last ten years there has been a 49% correlation between the y/y change in purchase applications and the change in new plus existing single family home sales.
Mortgage applications to refinance fell a hard 5.4% w/w and are down 10.6% in August versus July.
The effective interest rate on a conventional 30-year mortgage backpedaled further to 5.98% from 6.02% the prior week. The effective rate on a 15-year mortgage also fell to 5.66%.
The Mortgage Bankers Association surveys between 20 to 35 of the top lenders in the U.S. housing industry to derive its refinance, purchase and market indexes. The weekly survey accounts for more than 40% of all applications processed each week by mortgage lenders. Visit the Mortgage Bankers Association site <a href="http://www.mbaa.org">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYW/@S5/@S5.HTM">MBA Mortgage Applications (3/16/90=100)</a></th>
<th scope="col">08/26/05</th>
<th scope="col">08/19/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total Market Index</td>
<td>722.5</td>
<td>756.2</td>
<td>12.4%</td>
<td>735.1</td>
<td>1,067.9</td>
<td>799.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Purchase</td>
<td>470.6</td>
<td>488.4</td>
<td>6.2%</td>
<td>454.5</td>
<td>395.1</td>
<td>354.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Refinancing</td>
<td>2,187.8</td>
<td>2,313.9</td>
<td>21.3%</td>
<td>2,366.8</td>
<td>4,981.8</td>
<td>3,388.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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The total number of mortgage applications fell 4.5% last week and continued the recent decline which has pulled applications 18.5% below the recent peak in early June, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Purchase [...]

Mortgage Applications Down Again

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831d.jpg" width="353">
The August Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer reversed all of the prior month&#39;s sharp gain with a 14.3 point m/m drop to 49.2 that dropped the index to its lowest in over two years. Consensus expectations had been for just a slight decline 61.0.
During the last ten years there has been a 65% correlation between the level of Chicago PMI and the three month change in factory sector industrial production.
New orders cratered 23.1 points and the production index dropped 14.4 points. Employment fell a lesser 4.4 points to 51.7. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the level of the employment index and the three month change in factory sector employment.
The index of prices repeated the 1.6 rise in July and rose to its highest level since April. During the last ten years there has been an 86% correlation between the Chicago price index and the three month change in the &quot;core&quot; intermediate goods PPI.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF05/@EF05.HTM">Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, SA</a></th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">&nbsp;Aug &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Business Barometer</td>
<td>49.2</td>
<td>63.5</td>
<td>56.8</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>54.6</td>
<td>52.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; New Orders</td>
<td>46.5</td>
<td>69.6</td>
<td>58.2</td>
<td>67.0</td>
<td>58.0</td>
<td>56.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>61.3</td>
<td>86.6</td>
<td>80.1</td>
<td>55.8</td>
<td>56.9</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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The August Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer reversed all of the prior month's sharp gain with a 14.3 point m/m drop to 49.2 that dropped the index to its lowest in over two years. Consensus expectations had been for just [...]

Chicago Purchasing Agents' Index Down Sharply

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831b.jpg" width="353">
2Q05 US real GDP growth was little revised at 3.3% (AR) as revisions to foreign trade and inventories roughly offset one another. Consensus expectations had been for 3.4% growth.
Operating corporate profits rose a firm 6.1% (17.7%) following a 5.6% gain during 1Q. The increase came despite a 2.2% decline (+9.1% y/y) in financial sector earnings and a modest 1.1% increase (10.6% y/y) increase in foreign earnings. US nonfinancial corporate sector earnings rose 11.9% (24.1% y/y), the strongest quarterly increase in three years.
The positive contribution to GDP growth from a shallower foreign trade deficit was lessened to 1.2 percentage points as import growth was revised to show a slight q/q increase rather than a 2.0% decline. Export growth was raised slightly to 13.2% (8.3% y/y).
The negative growth contribution from inventories was lessened and offset the trade revision, but the 2.0 percentage point drag still was the third in the last four quarters and was the largest since 2000. <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831a.jpg" width="353">
Growth in domestic demand was reduced to 3.9%. Business fixed investment growth was notched down a bit to 8.4% (AR, 9.1% y/y) from 9.0% and growth in real PCE similarly was lowered to 3.0% (3.8% y/y) from 3.3%. Residential building growth of 9.8% (5.8% y/y) was unrevised.
The chain price index was unrevised at 2.4% and the chain price index for domestic final demand was lowered slightly to 3.1% (2.8% y/y).
The minutes to the latest meeting of the FOMC can be found <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/minutes/20050809.htm">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E7/@E701/@E701.HTM">Chained 2000$, % AR</a></th>
<th scope="col">2Q &#39;05 (Prelim.)</th>
<th scope="col">2Q &#39;05 (Advance)</th>
<th scope="col">1Q &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">GDP</td>
<td>3.3%</td>
<td>3.4%</td>
<td>3.8%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Inventory Effect</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
<td>-2.3%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>-1.4%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Final Sales</td>
<td>5.4%</td>
<td>5.8%</td>
<td>3.5%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign Trade Effect</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
<td>-0.4%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-0.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Domestic Final Demand</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>4.0%</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>4.1%</td>
<td>4.4%</td>
<td>3.0%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Chained GDP Price Index</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>3.1%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>1.7%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

2Q05 US real GDP growth was little revised at 3.3% (AR) as revisions to foreign trade and inventories roughly offset one another. Consensus expectations had been for 3.4% growth. Operating corporate profits rose a firm 6.1% (17.7%) [...]

US GDP Growth Little Revised, Profits Quite Firm

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831b.jpg" width="353">
2Q05 US real GDP growth was little revised at 3.3% (AR) as revisions to foreign trade and inventories roughly offset one another. Consensus expectations had been for 3.4% growth.
Operating corporate profits rose a firm 6.1% (17.7%) following a 5.6% gain during 1Q. The increase came despite a 2.2% decline (+9.1% y/y) in financial sector earnings and a modest 1.1% increase (10.6% y/y) increase in foreign earnings. US nonfinancial corporate sector earnings rose 11.9% (24.1% y/y), the strongest quarterly increase in three years.
The positive contribution to GDP growth from a shallower foreign trade deficit was lessened to 1.2 percentage points as import growth was revised to show a slight q/q increase rather than a 2.0% decline. Export growth was raised slightly to 13.2% (8.3% y/y).
The negative growth contribution from inventories was lessened and offset the trade revision, but the 2.0 percentage point drag still was the third in the last four quarters and was the largest since 2000. <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831a.jpg" width="353">
Growth in domestic demand was reduced to 3.9%. Business fixed investment growth was notched down a bit to 8.4% (AR, 9.1% y/y) from 9.0% and growth in real PCE similarly was lowered to 3.0% (3.8% y/y) from 3.3%. Residential building growth of 9.8% (5.8% y/y) was unrevised.
The chain price index was unrevised at 2.4% and the chain price index for domestic final demand was lowered slightly to 3.1% (2.8% y/y).
The minutes to the latest meeting of the FOMC can be found <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/minutes/20050809.htm">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@E7/@E701/@E701.HTM">Chained 2000$, % AR</a></th>
<th scope="col">2Q &#39;05 (Prelim.)</th>
<th scope="col">2Q &#39;05 (Advance)</th>
<th scope="col">1Q &#39;05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">GDP</td>
<td>3.3%</td>
<td>3.4%</td>
<td>3.8%</td>
<td>3.6%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Inventory Effect</td>
<td>-2.0%</td>
<td>-2.3%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>-1.4%</td>
<td>0.3%</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>0.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Final Sales</td>
<td>5.4%</td>
<td>5.8%</td>
<td>3.5%</td>
<td>4.2%</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>2.7%</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Foreign Trade Effect</td>
<td>1.2%</td>
<td>1.6%</td>
<td>-0.4%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>-0.5%</td>
<td>-0.3%</td>
<td>-0.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Domestic Final Demand</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>4.0%</td>
<td>3.7%</td>
<td>4.1%</td>
<td>4.4%</td>
<td>3.0%</td>
<td>1.8%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Chained GDP Price Index</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>3.1%</td>
<td>2.4%</td>
<td>2.6%</td>
<td>2.0%</td>
<td>1.7%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Chicago Purchasing Agents' Index Down Sharply 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> August 31, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831d.jpg" width="353">
The August Chicago Purchasing Managers Business Barometer reversed all of the prior month&#39;s sharp gain with a 14.3 point m/m drop to 49.2 that dropped the index to its lowest in over two years. Consensus expectations had been for just a slight decline 61.0.
During the last ten years there has been a 65% correlation between the level of Chicago PMI and the three month change in factory sector industrial production.
New orders cratered 23.1 points and the production index dropped 14.4 points. Employment fell a lesser 4.4 points to 51.7. During the last ten years there has been a 75% correlation between the level of the employment index and the three month change in factory sector employment.
The index of prices repeated the 1.6 rise in July and rose to its highest level since April. During the last ten years there has been an 86% correlation between the Chicago price index and the three month change in the &quot;core&quot; intermediate goods PPI.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF05/@EF05.HTM">Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, SA</a></th>
<th scope="col">Aug</th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">&nbsp;Aug &#39;04</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Business Barometer</td>
<td>49.2</td>
<td>63.5</td>
<td>56.8</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>54.6</td>
<td>52.8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; New Orders</td>
<td>46.5</td>
<td>69.6</td>
<td>58.2</td>
<td>67.0</td>
<td>58.0</td>
<td>56.2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Prices Paid</td>
<td>62.9</td>
<td>61.3</td>
<td>86.6</td>
<td>80.1</td>
<td>55.8</td>
<td>56.9</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Mortgage Applications Down Again 
by <a href="/comment/Moeller.html">Tom Moeller</a> August 31, 2005


<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050831c.jpg" width="353">
The total number of mortgage applications fell 4.5% last week and continued the recent decline which has pulled applications 18.5% below the recent peak in early June, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.
Purchase applications fell 3.6% on the heels of a 2.2% decline the week prior. The average level in August is off 1.3% from July. During the last ten years there has been a 49% correlation between the y/y change in purchase applications and the change in new plus existing single family home sales.
Mortgage applications to refinance fell a hard 5.4% w/w and are down 10.6% in August versus July.
The effective interest rate on a conventional 30-year mortgage backpedaled further to 5.98% from 6.02% the prior week. The effective rate on a 15-year mortgage also fell to 5.66%.
The Mortgage Bankers Association surveys between 20 to 35 of the top lenders in the U.S. housing industry to derive its refinance, purchase and market indexes. The weekly survey accounts for more than 40% of all applications processed each week by mortgage lenders. Visit the Mortgage Bankers Association site <a href="http://www.mbaa.org">here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/SURVEYW/@S5/@S5.HTM">MBA Mortgage Applications (3/16/90=100)</a></th>
<th scope="col">08/26/05</th>
<th scope="col">08/19/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Total Market Index</td>
<td>722.5</td>
<td>756.2</td>
<td>12.4%</td>
<td>735.1</td>
<td>1,067.9</td>
<td>799.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Purchase</td>
<td>470.6</td>
<td>488.4</td>
<td>6.2%</td>
<td>454.5</td>
<td>395.1</td>
<td>354.7</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp; Refinancing</td>
<td>2,187.8</td>
<td>2,313.9</td>
<td>21.3%</td>
<td>2,366.8</td>
<td>4,981.8</td>
<td>3,388.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Louise Curley

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830f.jpg" width="353">
Japan&#39;s economy, which was recovering from the two quarter decline in GDP in the second and third quarter of 2004, seems to have hit a snag in July. Retail sales declined 2.25% in July from June. Average spending by workers&#39; households declined by 3.02%. Average living expenditures for workers&#39; households rose 5.52%, but non-living expenditures declined 24.45%. In a breakdown of living expenditures between fundamental and selective, or as we might say, between necessary and discretionary spending, the fundamental spending rose almost 8%, while the selective rose 3%. While most of these data are discouraging, they do not necessarily cast doubt on Japan&#39;s recovery, These data are extremely volatile and one should not place too much emphasis on a single month. The first chart showing the index of retail sales and total expenditures of workers&#39; household illustrates the point.
Employment was steady in July, but unemployment rose 5.76% and the unemployment rate rose from 4.2% to 4.4%. Again, the data, even on a seasonally adjusted basis tend to be erratic. However, in the case of employment, an upward trend is discernible, as can be seen in the second chart. <img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830g.jpg" width="353">
In addition to cautioning one not to put too much reliance on one month&#39;s figure, we should note a data problem that has recently arisen in Japan. The government has delayed the publication of its August consumer confidence survey. It appears that the procedures of the market research firm, Shin Joho Center, Inc., that the Bank of Japan has relied upon for it survey have been questioned and found wanting. Shin Joho has apologized for its shortcomings. It is currently verifying that the respondents to its consumer confidence survey have actually been contacted and asked the survey questions! According to the Cabinet&#39;s Office&#39;s Kisaichi, there is no date set for the release of the July or August surveys.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol">&nbsp;</th>
<th scope="col">Jul&nbsp; 05</th>
<th scope="col">Jun 05</th>
<th scope="col">Jul 04</th>
<th scope="col">M/M%</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y%</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Employment (mil persons)</td>
<td>6360</td>
<td>6360</td>
<td>6323</td>
<td>0.0</td>
<td>0.59</td>
<td>6330</td>
<td>6316</td>
<td>6389</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Unemployment</td>
<td>294</td>
<td>278</td>
<td>323</td>
<td>5.76</td>
<td>-8.98</td>
<td>313</td>
<td>350</td>
<td>359</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Unemployment Rate&nbsp; (%)</td>
<td>4.4</td>
<td>4.2</td>
<td>4.9</td>
<td>-0.2*</td>
<td>-0.5*</td>
<td>4.7</td>
<td>5.2</td>
<td>5.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Worker Household Expenditure (Million Yen)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Total&nbsp;</td>
<td>415.7</td>
<td>428.7</td>
<td>432.7</td>
<td>-3.02</td>
<td>-3.90</td>
<td>415.9</td>
<td>409.9</td>
<td>416.4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Non Living Expenditures</td>
<td>92.3</td>
<td>122.1</td>
<td>97.1</td>
<td>-24.45</td>
<td>-4.93</td>
<td>85.1</td>
<td>84.1</td>
<td>85.8</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp; Living Expenditures</td>
<td>323.5</td>
<td>306.6</td>
<td>335.6</td>
<td>5.52</td>
<td>-3.61</td>
<td>330.8</td>
<td>325.8</td>
<td>330.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fundamental</td>
<td>170.7</td>
<td>158.4</td>
<td>167.2</td>
<td>7.81</td>
<td>2.09</td>
<td>168.5</td>
<td>169.7</td>
<td>173.0</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Selective</td>
<td>152.8</td>
<td>148.2</td>
<td>168.4</td>
<td>3.08</td>
<td>-926</td>
<td>162.4</td>
<td>156.1</td>
<td>157.7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Retail Sales (2000=100)</td>
<td>91.4</td>
<td>93.5</td>
<td>90.9</td>
<td>-2.25</td>
<td>0.55</td>
<td>91.7</td>
<td>92.5</td>
<td>94.1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">* Difference</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Japan's economy, which was recovering from the two quarter decline in GDP in the second and third quarter of 2004, seems to have hit a snag in July. Retail sales declined 2.25% in July from June. Average spending by workers' [...]

Japanese Recovery Hits a Snag in July but One Month Is Not a Trend and Doubts about the Consumer Confidence Data

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830a.jpg" width="353">
Chain store sales fell again according to the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)-UBS survey. Last week&#39;s 0.3% decline marked the fourth consecutive weekly skid and dropped the August sales average 0.1% below July which rose 0.8% from June.
During the last ten years there has been a 56% correlation between the y/y change in chain store sales and the change in non-auto retail sales less gasoline, as published by the US Census Department. Chain store sales correspond directly with roughly 14% of non-auto retail sales less gasoline.
Recent weakness in chain store sales has accompanied the spurt in gasoline prices. Last week, gasoline prices were about stable w/w at $2.61 per gallon, a level up 46% since the start of this year. The spot price of gasoline this week is up another 10% w/w. 
The leading indicator of chain store sales from ICSC gave back half of the prior week&#39;s rise. The indicator&#39;s recent erratic movement has left the August average 0.3% below July which fell 0.4% from June. 
The ICSC-UBS retail chain-store sales index is constructed using the same-store sales (stores open for one year) reported by 78 stores of seven retailers: Dayton Hudson, Federated, Kmart, May, J.C. Penney, Sears and Wal-Mart.
Reflections on central banking, remarks by Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, are available <a href="http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2005/20050826/default.htm"> here</a>.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/surveyw/@S2/@S2.HTM">ICSC-UBS (SA, 1977=100)</a></th>
<th scope="col">08/27/05</th>
<th scope="col">08/20/05</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Total Weekly Chain Store Sales</td>
<td>455.5</td>
<td>456.8</td>
<td>3.9%</td>
<td>4.6%</td>
<td>2.9%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


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Chain store sales fell again according to the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)-UBS survey. Last week's 0.3% decline marked the fourth consecutive weekly skid and dropped the August sales average 0.1% below July which [...]

Chain Store Sales Down With Higher Gas Prices

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830c.jpg" width="353">
Factory inventories rose 0.5% in July, the most for any one month since February. The rise, however, was very much a function of the 5.9% (19.2% y/y) jump in inventories at petroleum refineries. Nevertheless, less petroleum factory inventories rose 0.2%, the first monthly rise since March. Benchmark revisions made on August 19th extended back to 1992 and generally lowered the level of factory inventories.
A 1.5% (10.2% y/y) rise in machinery inventories led last month&#39;s accumulation and it was the strongest monthly gain since January. That was accompanied by a 0.8% (-1.1% y/y) rise in computer inventories and a 0.4% (4.7% y/y) gain in the electrical equipment industry.<img align="right" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830b.jpg" width="353">
Factory shipments surged 0.7%, but again the strength of the gain reflected higher oil prices. Less a 6.4% jump in shipments from petroleum refineries, factory shipments rose just 0.3% (4.8% y/y) following a 0.3% decline in June. Strength concentrated in the electrical equipment industry where shipments rose 1.0% (5.0% y/y) and in the computer industry where shipments rose 0.4% (8.3% y/y). Machinery shipments fell 0.1% (+4.9% y/y).
Factory sector orders fell 1.9% reflecting an unrevised advance report of a 4.9% decline in durables orders which were down due to lower aircraft orders.
Unfilled orders surged another 1.0% and again reflected higher backlogs of nondefense aircraft &amp; parts (28.4% y/y), but industry gains elsewhere were broad based. The ratio of unfilled orders to shipments outside of transportation dipped slightly but remained elevated versus the lows of earlier this year.<a href="http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/05/07/Gali.pdf"> </a>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@ED/@ED01/@ED0101/@ED01016/@ED01016.HTM">Factory Survey</a> (NAICS)</th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">June</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Inventories</td>
<td>0.5%</td>
<td>0.1%</td>
<td>6.0%</td>
<td>7.7%</td>
<td>-1.1%</td>
<td>-5.4%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">New Orders</td>
<td>-1.9%</td>
<td>0.9%</td>
<td>6.3%</td>
<td>9.3%</td>
<td>3.5%</td>
<td>-2.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td class="firstcol">Shipments</td>
<td>0.7%</td>
<td>0.0%</td>
<td>6.6%</td>
<td>9.5%</td>
<td>1.5%</td>
<td>-2.5%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Unfilled Orders</td>
<td>1.0%</td>
<td>2.8%</td>
<td>8.9%</td>
<td>8.4%</td>
<td>8.0%</td>
<td>-8.5%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
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Factory inventories rose 0.5% in July, the most for any one month since February. The rise, however, was very much a function of the 5.9% (19.2% y/y) jump in inventories at petroleum refineries. Nevertheless, less petroleum factory [...]

U.S. Factory Inventories Began to Rebuild

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<img align="left" border="0" height="265" src="https://haver-commentaries.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/comments/050830e.jpg" width="353">
The Conference Board&#39;s August index of Consumer Confidence posted a 1.9% m/m increase to 105.6 following a 2.4% July decline that was shallower than initially reported.
Consensus expectations had been for a decline to 101.4 in sympathy with the 7.7% m/m decline in consumer sentiment reported last week by the University of Michigan.
During the last twenty years there has been a 52% correlation between the level of consumer confidence and the y/y change in real consumer spending. The correlation rose to 66% during the last ten years.
Consumers&#39; assessment of the present situation rose 3.6% m/m to the highest level since 2001. Jobs were viewed as hard to get by 23.2% of survey participants, down slightly m/m, but the 29.8% of participants who thought that business conditions were good was a further improvement on earlier strong readings.
Consumer expectations gained back 0.5% (-3.7% y/y) of a sharp 3.3% decline in July.
The Conference Board&#146;s survey isconducted by a mailed questionnaire to 5,000 households and about 3,500 typically respond.

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<colgroup><col><col><col><col><col><col></colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" class="firstcol"><a href="http://www.haverselect.com/dlx/USECON/@EF/@EF14/@EF1401/@EF1401.HTM">Conference Board</a></th>
<th scope="col">August</th>
<th scope="col">July</th>
<th scope="col">Y/Y</th>
<th scope="col">2004</th>
<th scope="col">2003</th>
<th scope="col">2002</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="firstcol">Consumer Confidence</td>
<td>105.6</td>
<td>103.6</td>
<td>7.0%</td>
<td>96.1</td>
<td>79.8</td>
<td>96.6</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

The Conference Board's August index of Consumer Confidence posted a 1.9% m/m increase to 105.6 following a 2.4% July decline that was shallower than initially reported. Consensus expectations had been for a decline to 101.4 in [...]

Consumer Confidence Posted Surprising Increase

Recent aggressive policy easing in China has given a massive boost to equity prices

FOMC expects much more easing now than in June

US is clear world leader in business capital spending on artificial intelligence

Blue Chip forecasters expect US to lead aggressive policy rate cuts over coming year—apart from Japan

Ratio of job openings to the number unemployed in the US now below pre-pandemic level

U.S. layoffs not showing as much cooling in labor markets as unemployment rate

While goods prices have moderated, service price inflation remains elevated and sticky

Since Jan 2023, BCEI US outlook has improved, worsened for Japan and the euro area

Persistent negative US economic surprises leading to big rate-cut expectations

Germany is Euro area weakling

Flash PMIs show good start to Q3 in US; loss of momentum in the euro area

Chinese economy on downtrend could threaten global economy

Working age population labor force participation near all-time high as retirements increase

Blue Chip forecasters look for widespread policy rate cuts just ahead

Flash June PMIs point to a widespread slowdown apart from the US

Announcement of snap French election is causing concern across Europe

The UK economy’s post-pandemic under-performance relative to its pre-pandemic trend

US Beveridge Curve back to near pre-pandemic levels

Negative economic surprises in the US but positive in Europe, especially the UK

Latest PMIs show US losing momentum while RoW is gaining momentum

Sticky services prices behind sticky overall PCE inflation

Flash April PMIs point to slower growth in the US but a pickup in Europe and Japan

Outlook strengthens for US while it weakens for other major economies

Crude petroleum prices are having a big impact on inflation expectations

Inflation surprising to upside in the US; by contrast to the downside in the euro area

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Nonfarm payrolls increased 254,000 (1.5% y/y) in September after rising 159,000 in August, revised from 142,000, and 144,000 in July, revised from 89,000. Expectations had been for a 150,000 rise in the Action Economics Forecast Survey. The three-month average change of 186,000 is the strongest since May.

Average hourly earnings increased 0.4% last month following a gain of 0.5% in August, revised from 0.4%. The y/y earnings gain edged up to 4.0% from 3.9% in August and 3.6% in July, but remained below the 5.9% high in March 2022. A 0.3% September increase had been expected.

The unemployment rate, measured in the household survey, edged down to 4.1% in September from 4.2% in August. It reached a low of 3.4% in April of last year. An unchanged 4.2% had been expected. Household employment rose 430,000 after increasing 168,000 in July. The labor force increased 150,000 after a 120,000 July gain. The overall unemployment rate, including workers who were marginally attached & working part-time for economic reasons declined to 7.7% from 7.9%.

In the **payroll survey**, private-sector employment increased 223,000 (1.4% y/y) in September after rising 114,000 in August. Construction sector employment increased 25,000 (2.8% y/y) last month after rising 31,000 in August. Factory sector payrolls eased 7,000 (-0.2% y/y) after falling 27,000. Mining & logging sector jobs rose 3,000 (-0.6% y/y) during September after rising 1,000 in each of the prior two months.

Private service-producing employment strengthened 202,000 in September (1.5% y/y) after a 109,000 August rise. Increases varied greatly amongst service sector categories. Private education & health service jobs rose 81,000 (3.8% y/y) after rising 60,000 in August while leisure & hospitality employment rose 78,000 (2.0% y/y) after a 53,000 gain. Professional & business service jobs rose 17,000 (0.4% y/y) after easing 4,000 in both August and July. Within that category, the number of temporary jobs fell 13,800 (-6.0% y/y) and have fallen consistently since a March 2022 high. Trade, transportation & utilities employment gained 13,000 (0.6% y/y) after falling 5,000 while financial activities jobs rose 5,000 in September (0.4% y/y) after improving 10,000 in August. Information sector employment increased 4,000 in last month (-0.2% y/y) after falling 7,000 in August.

Government sector payrolls improved 31,000 in September (2.1% y/y) after increasing 45,000 in August. Local government jobs improved 16,000 (2.0% y/y) after rising 33,000 in August while state government employment rose 13,000 (2.5% y/y) after an 11,000 gain. The number of federal government jobs increased 2,000 (1.7% y/y) following a 1,000 rise.

The 0.4% September rise in private-sector average hourly earnings reflected a 0.5% gain (4.9% y/y) in the goods-producing sector which followed a 0.4% improvement in August. Earnings in construction improved 0.4% (4.6% y/y) while factory sector earnings rose 0.5% (5.1% y/y), following a 0.4% gain. In the private services-sector, earnings rose 0.3% last month (3.7% y/y) after a 0.5% gain. Professional & business service sector earnings strengthened 0.8% (5.0% y/y) after a 0.6% rise. Leisure & hospitality earnings improved 0.2% (4.3% y/y) after rising 0.3%. Financial sector earnings increased 0.2% (4.2% y/y) after a 0.5% gain. Private education & health services earnings improved 0.3% (3.1% y/y) for the fourth straight month. Trade, transportation and utilities pay edged 0.1% higher (2.8% y/y) in September after a 0.4% rise. Information sector earnings declined 0.4% (+3.6% y/y) after strengthening 1.1% in July.

241004C5.jpg

241004D5.jpg

The length of the average workweek in the private sector eased to 34.2 hours in September after rising in August to 34.3 hours. The workweek in the goods-producing sector of 39.9 hours compared to 39.8 hours in August. The construction sector average workweek lengthened to 39.2 hours from 39.0. The factory sector workweek held steady at 40.0 hours while the average workweek in the private service sector slipped to 33.1 hours. The aggregate weekly hours index in the private sector, a key indicator of production and income, slipped 0.1% in September (+0.9% y/y) after rising 0.3%. The Q3 average increased 0.2% (AR) from Q2’24.

In the **household survey**, the jobless rate fell to 4.1% as employment rose 0.3% and the size of the labor force edged 0.1% higher. The labor force participation rate was 62.7% for the third straight month. The rate for teenagers rebounded to 37.2%, while for individuals aged 20-24, it was little-change at 70.6%. For rate for workers aged 25-54, the rate fell to 83.8% but for workers 55 and over, it held steady at 38.6 hours.

The employment/population ratio for all workers rose to 60.2% in September and has been moving sideways since early last year. It remained below its high of 61.1% in February 2020, just prior to the pandemic.

The employment and earnings data are collected from surveys taken each month during the week containing the 12th day of the month. The labor market data are contained in Haver's **USECON** database. Detailed figures are in the **EMPL** and **LABOR** databases. The expectations figures are in the **AS1REPNA** database.

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241004F5.jpg

- Surprising job strength is narrowly based.
- Earnings increase is better-than-expected; August pay growth lifted.
- Jobless rate slips to three-month low.

U.S. Payroll Employment Accelerates in September and Wage Growth Firms; Jobless Rate Edges Lower

Robert Brusca

241004E.jpg

French industrial output rose sharply in August, a gain of 1.6% after declining by 0.2% in July. Output in August was led by consumer goods; nondurable goods output increased 4.2% month-to-month in August while consumer durable goods output increased by 3% month-to-month. Output of capital goods was also strong during the month, with a 1.6% gain, although intermediate goods output continued to be weak, falling by 0.4% in August and dropping for the second month in a row.

Sequentially French output explodes over three months although it's relatively mild mannered over 12 months and over six months. The strength in French output is relatively recent. Manufacturing output gains 0.3% over 12 months; over six months it is falling at a 0.5% annual rate but that transforms into a 31.1% annual rate over three months as output sharply recovered in June and in August.

**Sequential growth for MFG components**
Components find consumer durable goods output falling by 6.3% over 12 months, gaining at a 4% annual rate over six months then rising at a strong 14.9% annual rate over three months showing steady acceleration. Consumer nondurable goods output rises by 5.9% over 12 months; output slows to gain at a 4.3% annual rate over six months then it expands sharply to grow at a 19% annual rate over three months. French capital goods output is up only 0.3% over 12 months, but it then expands at a 1.5% annual rate over six months and gains at a 14.2% annual rate over three months showing steadily accelerating growth on this time sequence. Intermediate goods output falls by 3.4% over 12 months, falls more sharply, at a 6.6% annual rate over six months, then cuts that weakness to only a 0.2% annual rate drop over three months.

**Quarter-to-date**
With two months into the third quarter, manufacturing output is rising at 1.6% annual rate, with consumer nondurable output up at a 7% annual rate and consumer durable goods output up at a 3.8% annual rate. Capital goods output is up at a 4.3% annual rate; intermediate goods output is falling at a 5% annual rate in the quarter-to-date.

During this period when output has been experiencing some mild increases, they have transformed into strong increases over three months. Yet, motor vehicle registrations have been consistently weak. That important big ticket consumer item has not taken off.

241004.jpg

**Manufacturing: IP vs. PMI**
The chart shows that manufacturing output as measured by the IP index has been relatively flat. But output as signaled by the S&P PMI survey has showed building weakness in French manufacturing. The PMI trend to weakness was being arrested early in 2024 but then the incipient rebound turned into more weakness. Just this month there has been some small rebound and stabilization in the MFG PMI.

It's here from the PMI, that data give much more of a sense of French output being weak than we get from looking at the industrial output report itself. French industrial output has been fairly flat, but with a small uptrend in place.

Smoothed year-on-year gains show that French output generally saw year-on-year expansion from early-2022 to May 2024. Since then, output has been more erratic with a deep decline logged in May IP. The sector has subsequently been digging itself back out. This month’s surge in output is continuing evidence of that recovery in progress. We do not get the same sense of weakness from looking at French IP data that we form looking at French PMI data.

France

French IP Ignites for a Month

Andrew Cates

**Policy rate expectations**
Blue Chip panellists continue to forecast that policy rates in most major economies will decline sharply in coming months. The ECB, for example, is expected to lower its key policy rates by around 105 basis points over the next 12 months while the BoE is expected to lower its Bank rate by 125 bps over the same time frame. These forecasts contrast with the US where policy rates are expected to be lowered by 125 basis point between now and this time next year. The BoJ in the meantime continues to remain an outlier in this generic global trend with Japan’s policy rate specifically expected to climb by 45bps over the next 12 months.

241004Z1.jpg

**The US labour market**
Ahead of the payrolls data for September that are due later this week there have been some mixed messages on the state of the US labour market in recent days. September’s ADP report concerning private sector employment, for example, was a little stronger than expected. On the weaker side, the latest Job Openings and Labour Turnover (JOLTS) survey revealed a steep decline in the number of people in the US workforce that have been quitting their jobs, a strong signal that the labour market is loosening. As chart 2 below suggests, that ought to additionally imply weaker wages pressures in the period ahead as well.

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**Geopolitical risks and oil prices**
Soft landing narratives have been aided by evidence suggesting that labour markets are cooling, that wage pressures are ebbing and that broader inflationary pressures are fading. But, as noted above, the escalation of geopolitical turbulence in the Middle East is now challenging these views. A widely watched gauge of geopolitical risks has bolted sharply higher in recent days off the heels of this turbulence, as evidenced in chart 3 below. And energy markets – oil prices in particular – appear to now be responding to this instability as well.

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**The real consumer price of energy versus US productivity growth**
It goes without saying that energy prices exert a powerful influence over the world economy. Aside from headline inflation linkages, high real energy prices have arguably been a key factor that’s kept productivity growth in many major economies muted over the past few years. As chart 4 below indicates, longer-term upswings in US productivity growth have tended to be preceded by weaker real energy prices. Equally, longer-term downswings in productivity have typically followed periods when real energy prices have been rising.

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**Globalisation versus de-globalisation** 
A further disruption of supply chains is also a looming threat to the world economy if the instability in the Middle East were to intensify. In the background to this, and thanks to several additional factors that have undermined world trade in recent years, a de-globalisation of the world economy has been unfolding. That said, latest data from the World Bank suggest we should not get too carried with that de-globalisation narrative. The level of world trade in services, for example, reached a record high in 2023.

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**Indebtedness and interest rates**
There is no doubt that ongoing geopolitical instability, combined with other factors such as heightened protectionism, could accelerate a broader trend toward de-globalization in the coming period. This, along with other structural challenges such as high energy prices and ageing demographics, may be hindering long-term productivity growth. Offsetting factors do exist, most notably the productivity potential of Artificial Intelligence. However, until those offsets fully materialize, many policymakers are likely to again rely on monetary policy tools and other re-leveraging initiatives to boost economic growth to politically acceptable levels. The strong negative correlation between long-term US real interest rates and global indebtedness in chart 6 below highlights how these policy efforts have become central to maintaining economic stability, often at the expense of increasing financial vulnerabilities.

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In recent weeks, financial markets have generally aligned with expectations of a soft landing for the global economy, facilitated by more accommodative policies from central banks (see chart 1). This week’s dataflow have largely reinforced these views (see chart 2) as have the communications from many policymakers. However, the escalation of geopolitical turbulence in the Middle East in recent days is now challenging this narrative. By potentially choking supply chains and raising risk premiums in energy markets, there could be growth and inflation-related consequences for the world economy in the coming weeks (see charts 3). This also serves as a reminder that there are longer-term headwinds that are placing a brake on global growth at present, including high real energy prices (chart 4), de-globalization pressures (chart 5) and lingering debt-related imbalances (see chart 6). And many of these issues could be exacerbated if the turmoil in the Middle East were to intensify.

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Charts of the Week: Geopolitical Scarring

Winnie Tapasanun

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The U.S. ISM Services PMI rose to 54.9 in September, the highest level since February 2023, after a 0.1-point uptick to 51.5 in August, according to today’s report by the Institute for Supply Management, indicating expansion in the services sector for the third straight month, in seven of nine months in 2024, and for the 49th time in 52 months. The September index was up from a four-year-low 48.8 in June, 53.4 in September 2023, and a low of 49.0 in December 2022; however, having remained down from a record-high 67.1 in November 2021. The 12-month average was 51.8, reflecting strong growth in the U.S. services sector. The Action Economics Forecast Survey had expected 51.7 for September.

Haver Analytics constructs a composite index combining the services index and the manufacturing reading. This index rose to 53.9 in September after a 0.2-point increase to 51.0 in August, showing expansion for fourth time in five months. The latest figure was higher than a four-year-low 48.8 in June, 52.8 in September 2023, and a low of 48.9 in December 2022; nevertheless, having remained well below a record-high 66.3 in November 2021. These series date back to July 1997.

In the latest services survey, the business activity index rebounded to 59.9 in September from 53.3 in August, indicating business activity expanded for the 51st time in 52 months and at the highest level since May. The index was up from its recent low of 49.6 in June and a low of 52.7 in December 2022 but below a record-high 69.5 in November 2021. An increased 30.1% of respondents (NSA) reported higher activity in September while a lessened 8.2% reported an activity decline. The new orders index advanced to 59.4 in September from 53.0 in August, indicating expansion in new orders for the 50th time in 52 months and at the fastest pace since February 2023. The index was up from its recent low of 47.3 in June and a low of 45.0 in December 2022 but down from a record-high 69.5 in October 2021. An increased 30.9% of respondents (NSA) reported higher orders in September while a lessened 10.4% reported a decline. Meanwhile, the supplier deliveries index (NSA) rose to 52.1 in September from 49.6 in August, indicating slower supplier delivery performance after two months in faster territory.

On the labor front, the employment index decreased to 48.1 in September on top of a 0.9-point decline to 50.2 in August, showing employment activity in the services sector contracted after two months of expansion. The latest reading, while above a low of 43.8 in December 2023, was below a high of 54.1 in August 2023 and a high of 58.3 in April 2021. A lessened 13.0% of respondents (NSA) indicated higher employment in September while 14.4% reported a decline.

On the inflation front, the prices index rose to 59.4 in September after a 0.3-point increase to 57.3 in August, indicating prices paid by services organizations for materials and services had risen (i.e., above 50) since June 2017 and at the fastest rate since January’s high of 64.0. The index was up versus its recent low of 53.4 in March and a low of 54.8 in June 2023; however, having remained significantly below a record-high 83.8 in March 2022. An increased 22.7% of respondents (NSA) reported price rises in September while a lessened 6.0% reported price declines.

Additionally, the new export orders index increased to 56.7 in September following a 7.6-point drop to 50.9 in August, indicating new export orders expanded for the 10th time in 11 months at a faster rate. The imports index rebounded to 52.7 in September from 50.3 in August, registering the third consecutive month of expansion after contracting in June and May. The inventories index advanced to 58.1 in September from 52.9 in August, indicating inventories expanded for the second successive month and at the fastest pace since May 2023. The inventory sentiment index fell to 54.0 in September after declining to 54.9 in August, showing continued expansion since May 2023 but at the slowest rising rate since June 2023. The backlog of orders index increased to 48.3 in September after dropping to 43.7 in August, posting the third contraction in four months. These series are not seasonally adjusted and not included in the ISM Services PMI total.

The ISM Services PMI is a composite index consisting of four equally weighted diffusion indexes (25% each): Business Activity, New Orders, Employment, and Supplier Deliveries. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the services sector; below 50 suggests contraction. Supplier Deliveries is the only ISM index that is inversed; a reading above 50 indicates slower deliveries. The ISM figures are available in Haver's **USECON** database, with additional detail in the **SURVEYS** database. The expectations figure from Action Economics is in the **AS1REPNA** database.

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- 54.9 in September vs. 51.5 in August, higher than expected; 3.1 pts. above the 12-month avg. of 51.8.
- Business Activity (59.9, a four-month high), New Orders (59.4, the highest since Feb. ’23), Employment (48.1, the first contraction since June), and Supplier Deliveries (52.1 vs. 49.6).
- Prices Index rises 2.1 pts. to 59.4, the highest since January.

U.S. ISM Services PMI Jumps in September; Highest Level Since February ’23

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New orders for manufactured goods eased 0.2% (+0.9% y/y) during August, after strengthening 4.9% in July, revised from 5.0%, according to the Census Bureau. Orders declined 3.3% in June. The Action Economics Forecast Survey expected a 0.2% increase in total factory orders. Excluding the transportation sector, orders eased 0.1% (+0.5% y/y) after rising 0.3% in July.

New orders for durable goods were unchanged during August (+1.5% y/y), unrevised from the advance release, and followed a 9.8% July gain. The weakness in durable goods orders reflected a 0.8% easing (+2.5% y/y) in transportation sector orders. This followed a 34.6% jump in July, which was buoyed by higher civilian aircraft orders. Motor vehicle & parts orders eased 0.7% (-1.8% y/y) after a 1.0% decline. Orders for all factory products outside the transportation sector slipped 0.1% (+0.5% y/y) in August following a 0.3% July increase. Elsewhere, primary metals orders rose 0.2%, up 0.1% y/y. Machinery orders gained 0.4% (0.1% y/y), while computer & electronics rose 0.4% (2.8% y/y). Electrical equipment orders rose 2.4% (2.8% y/y), following a 0.8% decline.

Shipments by all manufacturing industries eased 0.5% in August (+1.0% y/y) after rising 0.8% in July. Durable goods shipments fell 0.6% (+1.7% y/y) after two months of roughly 1.1% gain. Transportation product shipments fell 2.0% (+5.0% y/y) after a 3.4% rise. Shipments excluding the transportation sector eased 0.2% (+0.2% y/y) after rising 0.3% in July. Machinery shipments rose 0.3% in August (-0.9% y/y) while computer & equipment shipments eased 0.2% (-0.1% y/y). Electrical equipment & appliance shipments rose 0.4% (+0.7% y/y). Nondurable goods shipments, which equal orders, fell 0.5% (+0.3% y/y) after increasing 0.6% in July. Food product shipments eased 0.1% (+1.3% y/y) while apparel shipments rose 0.4% (-2.4% y/y) after two months of decline. Textile product shipments weakened 1.7% both m/m and y/y after falling 0.3% in July. Paper product shipments rose 0.3% (2.1% y/y), following a 0.8% increase. Petroleum & coal product shipments declined 2.3% (-10.9% y/y) in August, after rising 0.5%. Basic chemical shipments rose 0.3% (5.8% y/y) after a 0.8% July increase.

There are no unfilled orders figures for nondurable goods industries. Unfilled orders for durable goods rose 0.4% (4.1% y/y) in August after a 0.2% rise. Transportation unfilled orders rose 0.5% (6.8% y/y) after increasing 0.3% in July. Excluding transportation, unfilled orders rose 0.2% (-0.4% y/y) after holding steady in July. Unfilled orders for durable goods less transportation have been trending sideways since 2022. Unfilled orders for machinery eased 0.1% (-3.7% y/y) while electrical equipment & appliance backlogs rose 0.4% (-0.0%) after a 0.2% decline.

Inventories of all manufactured products rose 0.1% in August (0.6% y/y) after holding steady in July. Durable goods inventories edged 0.1% higher (1.3% y/y) after holding steady in July. Transportation equipment inventories edged 0.1% higher (4.7% y/y) and inventories less transportation rose 0.2% (-0.4% y/y) after holding steady for five straight months. Nondurable goods inventories rose 0.2% (-0.5% y/y) after remaining unchanged for two months, though petroleum inventories rose 0.8% (-1.9% y/y) in August after easing 0.1% in July.

Manufacturers’ orders and shipments of durable and nondurable goods, along with unfilled orders and inventories, are compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau. They are available in Haver’s **USECON** database. The Action Economics forecast data are in the **AS1REPNA** database.

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- Improved y/y in orders momentum remains in place.
- Shipments weighed down by a decline in nondefense aircraft sales.
- Unfilled orders and inventories rise modestly.

Economy in Brief: August 2005

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