The Philadelphia Federal Reserve reported that its General Factory Sector Business Conditions Index increased to 17.0 during January, the highest level in three months. The Action Economics Forecast Survey median estimate was 10.0. These figures are diffusion indexes where readings above zero indicate expansion. The percentage of firms reporting an improvement in business activity increased to 30%, but remained down from the high of 47% in May of 2018. The number reporting a weakening environment fell to 13%, the lowest level since May of last year.

Haver Analytics constructs an ISM-Adjusted General Business Conditions Index and it declined to 54.4 in January and has been trending lower since it reached a cycle high of 61.1 in May of last year. During the last ten years, there has been a 58% correlation between the quarterly ISM-adjusted Philadelphia Fed Index and quarterly real GDP growth.

Movement amongst the component readings was mixed this month. Showing improvement were the new orders, delivery times and average workweek series. The shipments, unfilled orders and inventories series worked lower.

The employment index declined sharply to the lowest level since September 2017. During the last ten years, there has been a 78% correlation between the employment index and the month-to-month change in factory sector payrolls. Twenty-two percent of respondents reported increased hiring, down from last year's high of 35%. A higher 13% indicated a decrease in hiring, up from none in October 2017. The average workweek reading improved slightly but remained near a two-year low. The index of future employment has been trending higher recently, but remains well below its May high.

The index of prices paid declined sharply to the lowest point since December 2017, and the prices received index also weakened modestly. Thirty-three percent of firms reported higher prices paid while seven percent paid less. The future prices paid index collapsed to the lowest point in nearly two years.

The index measuring expectations of future business conditions improved m/m, but remained well below its high early in 2017.

The survey panel consists of 150 manufacturing companies in the third Federal Reserve District (which consists of southeastern PA, southern NJ and Delaware). The diffusion indexes represent the percentage of respondents indicating an increase minus the percentage indicating a decrease in activity. The ISM-adjusted figure, calculated by Haver Analytics, is the average of five diffusion indexes: new orders, shipments, employment, delivery times and inventories with equal weights (20% each). Each ISM-adjusted index is the sum of the percent responding "higher" and one-half of the percent responding "same."

The figures from the Philadelphia Federal Reserve dating back to 1968 can be found in Haver's SURVEYS database. The expectation from the Action Economics Forecast Survey is available in AS1REPNA.

The latest Beige Book from the Federal Reserve covering regional economic conditions is available here.