The index is not a leading index for activity. It was not even declining ahead of the 1973 recession, for example. But the Chicago Fed sees a different role for this index.

On its web site the Chicago Fed says this: ‘The 85 economic indicators that are included in the CFNAI are drawn from four broad categories of data: production and income; employment, unemployment, and hours; personal consumption and housing; and sales, orders, and inventories. Each of these data series measures some aspect of overall macroeconomic activity. The derived index provides a single, summary measure of a factor common to these national economic data. The CFNAI corresponds to the index of economic activity developed by James Stock of Harvard University and Mark Watson of Princeton University in an article, "Forecasting Inflation," published in the Journal of Monetary Economics in 1999. The idea behind their approach is that there is some factor common to all of the various inflation indicators, and it is this common factor, or index, that is useful for predicting inflation. Research has found that the CFNAI provides a useful gauge on current and future economic activity and inflation in the United States.’

See: http://www.chicagofed.org/economic_research_and_data/cfnai.cfm

Since inflation is in the limelight what is this index saying about activity that might be useful for inflation-watchers?

The chart on the left shows that the 12 month average of the Chicago activity index has been withering steadily. If the Fed takes this as an important barometer of inflation pressures, the index is saying that those pressures are abating and it explains why the Fed has been willing to sit tight with inflation over the top of its comfort zone.

Still, the same Chart offers a warning since the current month has brought a rebound in the index. If the declining phase of the index is over maybe the inflation alleviating aspects of this index have played out already?

Even so we can see that the Chicago Index has not kept a close correlation to Core CPI shifts recently. On reason undoubtedly is the key role that oil prices have played in the run-up of inflation.

From the Fed’s point of view it is not clear that trends are still working in its favor. Compared to the twelve month average of one year ago, the recent 3-mo average of the Chicago activity index is lower at -0.30 compared to 0.315. On the same comparison growth has slowed to 1.3% for IP from 4.5%. But inflation on this basis has risen from 2.1% to 2.6% although it has been edging off peak. Inflation has been stubborn and has risen even as the activity index has moved lower (and gone negative) and even as industrial output soured.

The added problem in assessing inflation trends is that industrial production is now showing some life again. Although the recent CFNAI number is small if the direction for the index is now upward, that would raise questions about the future calming of inflation. It is far from clear the Chicago Activity index should be a source of solace to anyone at the Fed who is concerned about inflation.