Recent Updates
- US: Producer Prices (Jul)
- US: Producer Price Indexes Detail by Commodity Detail (Jul)
- Israel: Foreign Trade, Consumer Confidence Survey (Jul)
- Mexico: IP (Jun)
- South Africa: Mining Production (Jun)
- more updates...
Economy in Brief
U.S. Federal Government Budget Deficit Shrinks in July
The U.S. Treasury Department reported a federal budget deficit of $211.1 billion in July...
U.S. Mortgage Applications Rose Slightly in the Latest Week
Mortgage applications increased 0.2% (-62.9% y/y) from one week earlier...
German Inflation Rises
The German inflation rate as measured by the HICP accelerated to 8.4% in July...
U.S. Productivity Declines in Q2, Pushing Unit Labor Costs Higher
Nonfarm business sector productivity fell 4.6% (AR) during Q2'22...
U.S. Small Business Optimism Edged Up in July
The NFIB Small Business Optimism Index edged up to 89.9 in July...
Viewpoints
Commentaries are the opinions of the author and do not reflect the views of Haver Analytics.
Inventory-cutting accounts for much of the import weakness The chart on the left shows the relationship between changes in imports (in %) and changes in inventories (Real $billions). Inventory swings account for a good deal of the action for changes in imports and it is happening again in late 2006 (these are quarterly GDP sourced data). When (if?) the economy recovers further in 2007 as demand becomes steadier and inventory-cutting stops, we can expect imports to go back to their normal behavior, that is, inflation-adjusted imports growing at about twice the speed (or more) of US real GDP. At that point adjustment in the US trade deficit will become difficult. The current trade trends are clear. Exports are outpacing imports and have done so for most of 2006 (see the non petroleum export and import chart). Stronger foreign growth that has boosted US exports has had something to do with this and so has the US inventory cycle. Since non-oil imports are nearly 50% larger in nominal terms that non-oil exports, exports must grow about 50% faster just to hold the line on the nominal trade balance for these accounts. That seems a challenge that is just to stiff for the period ahead despite past success. Since early 2005, export and import growth on this basis have been roughly equal, with export growth having an edge recently as the US economy slowed. But as the economy strengthens the import link to US growth will revive. Real export growth at 7.6% currently would show only a small margin of improvement compared to import growth at 6% and a loss compared to growth at 8.7%. (US real imports will grow by twice US growth given the habitually high US import elasticity of 2 to 2.5; US growth is expected in the range of 3% to 3.5% for the year ahead). And these figures exclude oil trade which likely will act to push the overall deficit even higher or blunt improvement in non-oil trade should that occur. Tipping point? The US may already be at a tipping point for the size of its current account deficit, the better part of that being made up by its trade deficit. The US current account deficit is at 6.8% of GDP in Q3 2006. For developing economies 5% of GDP is thought to be the point where lending bankers get nervous. China has already run its total foreign exchange reserves up to over one trillion dollars equivalent. Over the last four quarters the US current account deficit has racked up a total of $878 billion. Thats 88% of a trillion right there. Who will absorb the new trillion dollars that deficit is pumping out? Who wants new US liabilities at a pace fast approaching one trillion dollars per year? Systemic risk? It should be lost on no one that the stock market turbulence of early March featured Japan and China. Chinas nascent and tiny stock markets fall was the proximate cause of the market volatility. But Japans yen-carry trade also figured prominently in the discussion. There can be no doubt that the massive size of the trade and capital flow disequilibrium in Japan, China and the US is partly to blame for such events and last week serves as a warning for the future. These imbalances must be addressed rather than be allowed to grow further in the wrong directions. The January trade report The January trade report leaves exports in a broad-based slowdown over three months. Real exports three month growth (annualized) is below the annual pace over six-months and 12-months. And that slowdown is present for four of six end- use categories of exports: foods, feed & beverages, industrial supplies & materials, capital goods, and the catch all category of miscellaneous goods for the 3-month to 6-month comparison. For imports the pick up has not yet begun as industrial supplies and materials alone are growing strongly and that is oil-related. Only imports of capital goods and auto parts imports are stronger over three and six months. In those cases foreign-made autos are giving US production some stiff competition and the strength in capital goods imports belies the weakness in orders for capital goods and the weak spending for capital improvements by business that we have seen early in 2007. Strength in capital goods import is an oddity. To sum up, the trade picture remains murky. The months result for January has turned up and moved the deficit lower, but intermediate trends show deterioration. The year-over-year growth rates are linked to macroeconomic phenomena that are shifting and that have yet to show their impact. |